Angleško – slovenski slovar poenostavljenih medicinskih izrazov vsebuje opis medicinskih izrazov, povezanih z uporabo zdravil, v preprostem jeziku. Slovar je objavila Evropska agencija za zdravila (EMA) in je v angleškem jeziku dostopen na spletni strani https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/ema-medical-terms-simplifier_en.pdf. Izrazi se navadno uporabljajo v informacijah o zdravilu.
Nekateri izrazi so prevedeni po smislu in ne dobesedno, ker je pomembno, da uporabniki razumejo besedilo v navodilu za uporabo.
Izrazi, ločeni s poševnico (na primer v mirovanju / mirujoč), so medsebojno zamenljivi.
Izrazi, ločeni s podpičjem (na primer pospeševati; spodbujati) se uporabljajo smiselno glede na vsebino besedila.
| Angleško strokovno poimenovanje | Angleško poimenovanje v navodilu za uporabo | Slovensko strokovno poimenovanje | Slovensko poimenovanje v navodilu za uporabo |
| A | |||
| abdomen | belly | abdomen | trebuh |
| ablation | procedure to burn or remove parts of <tissue> <an organ> | ablacija | poseg odstranitve delov <tkiva> <organa> (dodati način uničenja / odstranitve tkiva) |
| ablation, radiofrequency | destroying cancer cells with heat generated from radio waves | ablacija, radiofrekvenčna | toplotno uničenje <rakavih celic> <tkiva> z radiofrekvenco |
| abrasions | grazes | abrazija | odstranitev tkiva z ostrganjem |
| abscess | a swollen area where pus has collected | ognojek; absces | omejen otekel predel, v katerem se je nabral gnoj |
| absence seizure | see seizure, absence | epilepsija z absencami | glejte epileptični napad, z absencami |
| acetylcholine | see neurotransmitter | acetilholin | glejte živčni prenašalec |
| acetylsalicylic acid | also known as aspirin | acetilsalicilna kislina | poznan tudi kot aspirin |
| acid regurgitation | stomach acid flowing up into the mouth | regurgitacija kisline | zatekanje vsebine želodca nazaj v požiralnik in tudi v usta |
| acneiform | resembling acne | akneformen | podobni aknam |
| acromegaly | excessive growth particularly of the bones of the hands, feet and face caused by too much growth hormone <from the pituitary gland> | akromegalija | prekomerna rast, zlasti kosti rok, nog in obraza, ki jo povzroča pretirano izločanje rastnega hormona <iz hipofize> |
| actinic keratoses | <precancerous,> abnormal skin growths caused by too much sunlight | aktinična keratoza | <predrakava,> debelejša luska ali krasta na koži, izpostavljeni sončni svetlobi |
| active immunity | see immunity, active | aktivna imunost | glejte imunost, aktivna |
| acute | <short-lived> <sudden> <short-term> | akuten | <nenaden> |
| acute coronary syndrome | <heart> conditions such as heart attack and unstable angina <(a type of severe chest pain)> <caused by blocked blood supply to parts of the heart> | akutni koronarni sindrom | stanje <srca>, ki zajema akutna stanja v poteku koronarne bolezni, kot sta srčni infarkt in nestabilna angina <(vrsta hude bolečine v prsnem košu)> <povzročen z moteno oskrbo delov srca s krvjo> |
| acute systemic hypersensitivity reaction | see hypersensitivity reaction, acute systemic | akutna sistemska preobčutljivostna reakcija | glejte preobčutljivostna reakcija, akutna sistemska |
| adipocyte | fat cells | adipocit | maščobna celica |
| adjunct | add-on | dodatno | dodatno (npr. zdravljenje) |
| adjuvant (vaccines) | a substance <such as aluminium> that increases the effect of the vaccine | adjuvans (cepiva) | snov <kot je na primer aluminij>, ki poveča imunogenost in povzroči močnejši imunski odziv |
| administer / administration | do not use; use simple verbs such as ‘give’ or ‘take’ | aplikacija | ne uporabljajte; uporabite preproste izraze kot na primer uporaba / dajanje |
| advanced (cancer) | consider has <started to> spread | napredovali (rak) | razmislite o uporabi izraza se je <začel> širiti |
| check definition for each cancer type carefully as this description may not always apply | natančno preverite definicijo za vsako vrsto raka posebej, saj ta opis morda ne velja vedno | ||
| aggregate | stick together | skupek | se drži skupaj / držati skupaj |
| agonist | a substance that attaches to a receptor (target) and triggers an effect | agonist | snov, ki se pritrdi na receptor (tarčo) in sproži učinek |
| agranulocytosis | very low level of a type of white blood cell <called granulocytes><, which are important for fighting off infection> | agranulocitoza | zelo nizka raven vrste belih krvnih celic, <imenovanih granulociti><, ki so pomembne za boj proti okužbi> |
| akathisia | a constant urge to move | akatizija | stalna želja po gibanju |
| alcohol intoxication | do not use; explain in text e.g. excessive alcohol consumption | zastrupitev z alkoholom | ne uporabljajte izraza; razložite v besedilu kot npr. čezmerno zaužitje alkohola |
| alkaloid | substance that are naturally found in plants | alkaloid | naravna snov, navadno rastlinskega izvora |
| allergen | a substance that causes an allergy | alergen | snov, ki povzroča alergijo |
| allergen challenge | a test to measure a patient’s reaction to a defined dose of an allergen (the substance that they are allergic to) | test izpostavljenost alergenu | test za merjenje bolnikove reakcije na določen odmerek alergena (snov, na katero je alergičen) |
| allergic rhinitis | see rhinitis, allergic | alergijski rinitis | HLGT‑ |
| allotransplantation | when a patient receives cells, tissues or organs from a donor | alogenska presaditev | kadar bolnik prejme celice, tkiva ali organe darovalca |
| alopecia | substitute with hair loss | alopecija | zamenjajte z izpadanje las |
| alveolitis, allergic | see pneumonitis, hypersensitivity | alveolitis, alergijski | |
| ambulatory | avoid term where possible or use able to walk | izognite se izrazu, kjer je to mogoče, ali uporabite izraz sposoben hoditi | |
| amnesia | substitute with memory loss | amnezija | zamenjajte z izguba spomina |
| anaemia | <low levels of red blood cells> <low levels of haemoglobin> <which can cause tiredness and pale skin> | anemija | <nizka raven rdečih krvničk> <nizka raven hemoglobina> <kar lahko povzroči utrujenost in bledo kožo> |
| anaemia, aplastic | when bone marrow stops producing new blood cells <causing tiredness, lower ability to fight infection and uncontrolled bleeding> | anemija, aplastična | kostni mozeg preneha proizvajati nove krvne celice, kar <povzroča utrujenost, manjšo sposobnost za boj proti okužbam in nenadzorovano krvavitev> |
| anaemia, haemolytic | excessive breakdown of red blood cells <causing tiredness and pale skin> | anemija, hemolitična | čezmerno razpadanje rdečih krvničk, kar <povzroča utrujenost in bledo kožo> |
| anaesthetic | a medicine <which blocks sensation> used to prevent pain and discomfort <during surgery and medical procedures> | anestetik | zdravilo, <ki zavre čutne zaznave>, ki se uporablja za preprečevanje bolečine in nelagodja <med operacijo in medicinskimi posegi> |
| anaesthetic block | see nerve block | anestezijski blok | glejte živčni blok |
| anaesthetic, general | a medicine that can be used to prevent pain by making the patient unconscious | anestetik, splošni | zdravilo, ki se lahko uporablja za preprečevanje bolečine tako, da bolnika onesvesti |
| anaesthetic, local | a medicine that blocks out sensation used to prevent pain in a part of the body <during surgery or other medical procedure> | anestetik, lokalni | zdravilo, ki onemogoči občutenje bolečine in se uporablja v delu telesa <med operacijo ali drugim medicinskim posegom> |
| anaesthetist | a doctor specialised in anaesthesia | anesteziolog | zdravnik specialist za anesteziologijo |
| analgesic | painkiller | analgetik | zdravilo proti bolečinam |
| analgesic, intraspinal | painkilling medicine injected into the spine | anestetik, intratekalni | zdravilo proti bolečinam, ki se injicira v hrbtenico |
| anaphylactic reaction (shock) | see anaphylaxis | anafilaktična reakcija (šok) | glejte anafilaksija |
| anaphylactoid reaction | sudden, severe allergic reaction <with breathing difficulty, swelling, lightheadedness, fast heartbeat, sweating and loss of consciousness> | anafilaktoidna; psevdoanafilaktična reakcija | nenadna, huda alergijska reakcija <s težavami pri dihanju, oteklino, omotico, hitrim srčnim utripom, potenjem in izgubo zavesti> |
| anaphylaxis | sudden, severe allergic reaction <with breathing difficulty, swelling, lightheadedness, fast heartbeat, sweating and loss of consciousness> | anafilaksija | nenadna, huda alergijska reakcija <s težavami pri dihanju, oteklino, omotico, hitrim srčnim utripom, potenjem in izgubo zavesti> |
| androgen | male sex hormone like testosterone | androgen | moški spolni hormon, kot je na primer testosteron |
| aneurysm | bulging and weakening of blood vessel <wall> | anevrizma | izbočenje in oslabitev <stene> krvne žile |
| angina | see angina pectoris | angina | glejte angina pectoris |
| angina attacks | sudden pains to the chest, jaw and back, brought on by physical effort and due to problems with the blood flow to the heart | napad angine pektoris | nenadna bolečina v prsnem košu, čeljusti in hrbtu, ki jih povzroči fizični napor in težava z dotokom krvi v srce |
| angina pectoris | pains to the chest, jaw and back, brought on by physical effort and due to problems with the blood flow to the heart | angina pektoris | nenadna bolečina v prsnem košu, čeljusti in hrbtu, ki jih povzroči fizični napor in težava z dotokom krvi v srce |
| angina, unstable | chest pain caused by interruptions in the heart’s blood supply, that can occur at rest <or without an obvious trigger> | angina pektoris, nestabilna | bolečina v prsnem košu zaradi motenj v oskrbi srca s krvjo, ki se lahko pojavi v mirovanju <ali brez očitnega sprožilca> |
| angioedema | rapid swelling under the skin <in areas such as the face, throat, arms and legs> <which can be life threatening if throat swelling blocks the airway> | angioedem | hitro otekanje pod kožo <na predelih, kot so obraz, grlo, roke in noge> <ki je lahko smrtno nevarno, če oteklina v grlu zapre dihalne poti> |
| angiogenesis | growth of new blood vessels | angiogeneza | rast novih krvnih žil |
| angiography | X-rays of blood vessels | angiografija | rentgenski prikaz krvnih žil |
| angioplasty | a procedure to unblock a narrowed blood vessel <in the heart> | angioplastika | poseg za razširitev zožene krvne žile <v srcu> |
| anorexia | substitute with loss of appetite | anoreksija | zamenjajte z izguba teka |
| anovulation | when ovaries fail to produce eggs | anovulacija | kadar jajčniki ne proizvajajo jajčec |
| antagonist | a substance that blocks a receptor (target) and stops other substances attaching to it and triggering an effect | antagonist | snov, ki blokira receptor (tarčo) in s tem ovira ali prepreči drugim snovem, da bi se nanj vezale in sprožile učinek |
| antibody | a a protein in the blood that helps the body’s defences by identifying and attaching to specific foreign substances including germs. side effect a protein the body produces that attaches to the medicine <and can affect how well treatment works> | protitelo | beljakovina v krvi, ki pomaga obrambi telesa tako, da prepozna določene tuje snovi, vključno z mikrobi, in se nanje veže. neželeni učinek beljakovina, ki jo proizvaja telo in se veže na zdravilo <ter lahko vpliva na učinkovitost zdravljenja> |
| anticoagulant | a substance that prevents the blood from clotting | antikoagulant | snov, ki preprečuje ali zavira strjevanje krvi |
| antiemetic | a substance that <prevents> <and> <treats> nausea and vomiting | antiemetik | snov, ki <preprečuje> <in> <zdravi> slabost in bruhanje |
| antigen | a specific structure that the body can recognise as ‘foreign’ and against which it can produce an antibody | antigen | specifična struktura, ki jo telo lahko prepozna kot “tujek” in proti kateri lahko proizvede protitelesa |
| antihistamine | a <medicine> <substance> that prevents symptoms of allergy. alternatively an allergy medicine | antihistaminik | <zdravilo> <snov>, ki preprečuje simptome alergije. alternativno zdravilo proti alergiji |
| antihypertensive | blood pressure lowering | antihipertenziven | znižanje krvnega tlaka |
| antihypertensive medicine | antihipertenziv | zdravilo za zdravljenje zvišanega krvnega tlaka | |
| antioxidant | a substance that can prevent damage from highly reactive molecules called ‘free radicals’ | antioksidant | snov, ki lahko prepreči poškodbe, povzročene z zelo reaktivnimi molekulami, ki jih imenujemo “prosti radikali” |
| antiplatelet medicines | medicines that prevent platelets in the blood from clumping and blocking arteries | antitrombocitna zdravila | zdravila, ki preprečujejo zlepljanje krvnih ploščic (trombocitov) v krvi in zamašitev arterij |
| antipyretic | a medicine for treating fever | antipiretik | zdravilo za zniževanje povišane telesne temperature |
| antiretroviral | use HIV medicine | antiretrovirusna zdravila | uporabite zdravilo proti virusu HIV |
| anuria | a condition in which a patient cannot make or pass urine | anurija | stanje, v katerem bolnik ne more tvoriti ali odvajati urina |
| aortic stenosis | see stenosis, aortic | aortna stenoza | glejte stenoza, aortna |
| apathy | lack of interest or energy | apatija | pomanjkanje zanimanja ali energije |
| aphasia | problems with use of language <including speech, understanding and reading> <because of brain damage> | afazija | težave pri uporabi jezika <vključno z govorjenjem, razumevanjem in branjem> <zaradi možganskih okvar> |
| apheresis | a procedure where blood is passed through an external device that removes <X> before returning the blood to the body | afereza | postopek, pri katerem gre kri skozi zunanjo napravo, ki odstrani <X>, preden se kri vrne v telo |
| apnoea | interruption of breathing | apneja | začasno prenehanje dihanja |
| see also sleep apnoea and obstructive sleep apnoea | glejte tudi spalna apneja in obstruktivna spalna apneja | ||
| apnoea, obstructive sleep | repeated interruption of breathing during sleep due to airways becoming blocked | apneja, obstruktivna spalna | ponavljajoče se prekinitve dihanja med spanjem zaradi zapore dihalnih poti |
| apnoea, sleep | frequent interruption of breathing during sleep | spalna apneja | pogoste prekinitve dihanja med spanjem |
| aqueous humour | the watery fluid in the eye | prekatna vodka | vodena tekočina v očesu |
| arachnoid | one of the membranes protecting the spine and the brain | arahnoidea | ena od membran, ki ščitijo hrbtenico in možgane |
| arrhythmia | abnormal or irregular heartbeat | aritmija | nenormalen ali nepravilen srčni utrip |
| artery disease, peripheral | reduced blood flow in arteries of the legs and arms | arterijska bolezen, periferna | zmanjšan pretok krvi v arterijah nog in rok |
| arthralgia | substitute with joint pain | artralgija | zamenjajte z bolečina v sklepu |
| arthritis | pain and inflammation in the joints | artritis | bolečina in vnetje v sklepu |
| arthropathy | damage to the joints | artropatija | poškodba sklepa |
| ascites | a build-up of fluid in the abdomen | ascites | nabiranje tekočine v trebučni votlini |
| aspergillosis | an infection caused by a fungus called Aspergillus | aspergiloza | okužba, ki jo povzroča gliva Aspergillus |
| asthenia | substitute with weakness | astenija | zamenjajte s šibkost |
| asymptomatic | showing no symptoms <effects> | asimptomatski | brez simptomov <učinkov> |
| ataxia | inability to coordinate muscle movements | ataksija | nezmožnost koordinacije mišičnih gibov |
| atelectasis | collapse of the whole or part of a lung | atelektaza | kolaps dela ali celote pljuč |
| atherosclerosis | a disease in which fatty deposits build up in the walls of the arteries. alternatively fatty deposits in arteries <which can cause blockage> | ateroskleroza | bolezen, pri kateri se maščobne obloge kopičijo v stenah arterij |
| alternativno maščobne obloge v arterijah <ki lahko povzročijo zamašitev> | |||
| atherothrombotic events | problems caused by blood clots and hardening of the arteries | aterotrombotični dogodki | težave, ki jih povzročajo krvni strdki in togost arterij |
| atonic seizure | see seizure, atonic | atoničen napad | glejte epileptični napad, atoničen |
| atony | lack of normal muscle <strength> <movement> <function> | atonija | pomanjkanje normalne mišične <moči> <gibanja> <delovanja> |
| atopic | linked to an allergy | atopijski | povezan z alergijo |
| atopic dermatitis | see eczema, atopic | atopijski dermatitis | glejte ekcem, atopijski |
| atrial fibrillation | see fibrillation, atrial | atrijska fibrilacija | glejte fibrilacija, atrijska |
| atrial flutter | see flutter, atrial | atrijska undulacija | glejte undulacija, atrijska |
| atrioventricular (AV) block | a type of heart rhythm disorder | atrioventrikularni (AV) blok | vrsta motnje srčnega ritma |
| atrophy | wasting away of body tissue or organ | atrofija | propad telesnega tkiva ali organa |
| atrophy, muscular | muscle wasting | atrofija, mišična | propadanje mišic |
| attenuated | weakened | oslabljen | oslabljen |
| atypical absence seizure | see seizure, atypical absence | atipični absenčni napad | glejte epileptični napad, atipični z absencami |
| aura | unusual visual or other sensory experiences | avra | nenavadne vidne ali druge čutne izkušnje |
| autograft | healthy <tissue> <specific tissue: bone, skin, …> taken from one part of the patient’s body and grafted in another | avtograft | zdravo <tkivo> <specifično tkivo: kost, koža, …> vzeto z enega dela pacientovega telesa in cepljeno na drugega |
| autoimmune disease | a disease caused by the body’s own defence system attacking normal tissue | avtoimunska bolezen | bolezen, ki jo povzroči obrambni sistem telesa, ki napada lastno normalno tkivo |
| autologous | <tissue> <cells> from the patient’s own body | avtologen, avtogen | <tkivo> <celice> iz pacientovega lastnega telesa |
| avascular necrosis | death of bone tissue due to interruption of blood supply | avaskularna nekroza | odmrtje kostnega tkiva zaradi prekinitve oskrbe s krvjo |
| B | |||
| B cells | cells in the immune system | celice B | celice v imunskem sistemu |
| B lymphocytes | use B cells unless it is necessary to introduce the term lymphocyte, in which case say B lymphocytes (B cells) the first time and then use B cells | limfociti B | uporabite celice B, razen če je treba uvesti izraz limfocit, v tem primeru navedite prvič limfociti B (celice B) in nato uporabite celice B |
| bacteraemia | bacteria present in the blood | bakteriemija | prisotnost bakterij v krvi |
| bacteriostatic | stops bacteria from multiplying | bakteriostatičen | zavira razmnoževanje bakterij |
| Bell’s palsy | weakness in the face muscles | Bellova pareza | šibkost obraznih mišic |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | enlarged prostate gland<that is not cancerous> | benigna hiperplazija prostate | povečana prostata <ki ni rakava> |
| bile | a fluid produced in the liver that helps to break down fats | žolč | tekočina, ki nastane v jetrih in pomaga pri razgradnji maščob |
| biliary cirrhosis | see cirrhosis, biliary | biliarna ciroza | glejte ciroza, biliarna |
| bilirubin | a breakdown product of red blood cells | bilirubin | produkt razgradnje rdečih krvničk |
| bilirubin (elevated) | see hyperbilirubinaemia | bilirubin (zvišan) | glejte hiperbilirubinemija |
| bioequivalent | two medicines are bioequivalent when they produce the same levels of the active substance in the body | bioekvivalenten | dve zdravili sta bioekvivalentni, če dosežeta enake ravni zdravilne učinkovine v telesu |
| if greater precision is needed, consider medicines with the same active substance are bioequivalent if the active substances from both medicines are absorbed in the body at the same rate and to the same extent. | če je potrebna večja natančnost, razmislite o navedbi, da so zdravila z isto učinkovino bioekvivalentna, če se učinkovini iz obeh zdravil v telesu absorbirata z enako hitrostjo in v enakem obsegu. | ||
| biological medicine | a medicine made by cells <grown in a laboratory> | biološko zdravilo | zdravilo, ki ga izdelujejo celice, <vzgojene v laboratoriju> |
| biopsy | examination of tissue removed from the body <to check for disease> | biopsija | pregled tkiva, odvzetega iz telesa <za pregled glede bolezni> |
| biowaiver | an exemption from having to show bioequivalence between the medicine and its reference product | FS opustitev in vivo študij biološke uporabnosti in bioekvivalence (bio-opustitev); izjema glede dokazovanja bioekvivalence med zdravilom in njegovim referenčnim izdelkom | |
| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid(s) | blefaritis | vnetje vek€ |
| blood pressure, diastolic | blood pressure when the heart is between beats < (lower one of the two readings)> | krvni tlak, diastolični | krvni tlak med dvema srčnima utripoma <(nižja od dveh vrednosti pri meritvi)> |
| blood pressure, systolic | blood pressure when the heart beats < (higher one of the two readings)> | krvni tlak, sistolični | krvni tlak ob srčnem utripu <(višja od dveh vrednosti pri meritvi)> |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | a marker for liver and kidney problems | sečninski dušik v krvi | označevalec težav z jetri in ledvicami |
| BMI | body mass index <a measure of body weight in relation to height> | ITM | indeks telesne mase <merilo telesne mase glede na višino> |
| body surface area | use calculated using the <patient / child>’s height and weight | površina telesa | uporabite izračunano glede na višino in težo <bolnika / otroka> |
| bolus injection | full dose injected in one go <over a few seconds> | bolusna injekcija | celoten odmerek, injiciran naenkrat <v nekaj sekundah> |
| bone (mineral) density | a measure of how strong the bones are | (mineralna) kostna gostota | merilo, kako močne so kosti |
| bone marrow | spongy tissue inside the large bones <where blood cells are produced> | kostni mozeg | gobasto tkivo znotraj velikih kosti <v katerem nastajajo krvne celice> |
| bone marrow transplantation | see also haematopoietic (blood) stem cell transplantation | presaditev kostnega mozga | glejte tudi presaditev hematopoetskih (krvnih) matičnih celic |
| a procedure where the patient’s bone marrow is cleared of cells and replaced with healthy bone marrow cells from a donor | postopek, pri katerem kostni mozeg pacienta očistijo celic in jih nadomestijo z zdravimi celicami kostnega mozga darovalca | ||
| bradycardia | slow heart rate | bradikardija | počasen srčni utrip; počasno bitje srca |
| breakthrough pain | flare-up of pain despite ongoing treatment with painkillers | prebijajoča bolečina | zagon bolečine kljub zdravljenju z zdravili proti bolečinam |
| bronchi | airways in the lungs | bronhusi | dihalne poti v pljučih |
| bronchiectasis | when airways have become weakened and scarred | bronhiektazija | kadar so dihalne poti oslabljene in zabrazgotinjene |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the airways in the lungs | bronhitis | vnetje dihalnih poti v pljučih |
| bronchoconstriction | narrowing of the airways <causing breathing difficulty and wheezing> | bronhokonstrikcija | zoženje dihalnih poti <povzroča težave z dihanjem in piskajoče dihanje> |
| bronchodilator | a medicine that widens the airways in the lungs | bronhodilatator | zdravilo, ki širi dihalne poti v pljučih |
| bronchospasm | excessive <and prolonged> contraction of the airway muscles causing breathing difficulty | bronhospazem | čezmerno <in dolgotrajno> krčenje mišic dihalnih poti, ki povzroča težave z dihanjem |
| bruxism | <involuntary> teeth grinding | bruksizem | <nehotno> škrtanje z zobmi |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder | bulimia nervosa | motnja hranjenja |
| bulla(e) | large blister(s) with pus | bula | velik mehur z gnojem |
| bullous | blistered | bulozen | mehurjast |
| bullous eruption | blisters | bulozni izbruh | mehurji |
| C | |||
| TERMS USED IN CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS | |||
| complete response | no sign of cancer after treatment | popoln odgovor / odziv | po zdravljenju ni znakov raka |
| event-free survival | how long patients live without <a complication or sign of disease occurring or coming back> <their disease coming back> | preživetje brez dogodkov | kako dolgo bolniki živijo brez <zapleta ali znaka bolezni, ki se pojavi ali se ponovi> <ponovitve svoje bolezni> |
| overall response rate | percentage of patients who have either no sign of cancer or <shrinkage of the tumour><a decrease in the extent of the cancer> after treatment |
celokupen odziv | celokupen odziv, izražen v odstotku bolnikov, ki nimajo znakov raka ali <se jim je tumor zmanjšal><je obseg raka zmanjšan> po zdravljenju |
| overall survival | how long patients live | stopnja preživetja / celokupno preživetje | |
| partial response | <shrinkage of the tumour><decrease in the extent of the cancer> after treatment | delni odziv na zdravljenje | <zmanjšanje tumorja><zmanjšanje obsega raka> po zdravljenju |
| patient-reported outcome | report directly from the patient of how well they are doing | izid, o katerem poročajo bolniki | neposredno poročilo </poročanje> bolnikov o njihovem počutju |
| progression (disease) | getting worse | napredovanje (bolezni) | |
| progression-free survival | how long patients live without their disease getting worse | preživetje brez napredovanja bolezni | čas preživetja brez poslabšanja bolezni |
| relapse-free survival | how long patients live without their disease coming back | preživetje brez ponovitve (bolezni) | kako dolgo bolniki živijo brez ponovitve bolezni |
| response rate | do not use; write percentage of patients who improve <on treatment> | stopnja odziva / odziv | ne uporabljajte; navedite odstotek pacientov, ki se jim stanje izboljša <med zdravljenjem> |
| survival rate, overall | percentage of patients who live for a specific period <after diagnosis or treatment> | stopnja preživetja, celokupna | odstotek bolnikov, ki živijo določeno obdobje <po diagnozi ali zdravljenju> |
| survival, overall | how long patients live | stopnja preživetja / celokupno preživetje | kako dolgo bolniki živijo |
| time to (disease) progression | do not use. Explain as: the time until the disease started worsening <again> | čas do napredovanja (bolezni) | ne uporabljajte. Pojasnite kot: čas, dokler se bolezen <ponovno> ne začne slabšati |
| time to treatment failure | do not use. Explain as: the time until the treatment stopped working | čas do prenehanja učinkovitosti zdravljenja | ne uporabljajte. Pojasnite kot čas, dokler zdravljenje ne preneha delovati |
| cachexia | muscle wasting with significant weight loss | kaheksija | huda splošna telesna oslabelost in shiranost |
| calcitonin | a hormone <produced by the thyroid gland> that helps to control the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood | kalcitonin | hormon <ki ga proizvaja ščitnica> in pomaga nadzorovati količino kalcija in fosforja v krvi |
| candidiasis | thrush, a fungal infection <caused by Candida> | kandidioza | soor, glivična okužba <ki jo povzroča Candida> |
| cannula | a thin tube inserted into <the body><a vein> | kanila | tanka cevka, vstavljena v <telo><žilo> |
| cannula, indwelling intravenous | a thin tube permanently inserted into a vein | kanila, stalna intravenska | tanka cevka, trajno vstavljena v veno |
| capillary leak syndrome | leakage of fluid from blood vessels causing tissue swelling and a drop in blood pressure | sindrom kapilarnega puščanja | uhajanje tekočine iz krvnih žil, kar povzroči otekanje tkiva in padec krvnega tlaka |
| capsid | shell (of a virus) | kapsida | plašč (virusa) |
| carcinoid syndrome | symptoms caused by <cancerous> tumours that release substances into the blood <that act on different organs> | karcinoidni sindrom | simptomi, ki jih povzročajo snovi iz <rakastih> tumorjev, ki se sproščajo v kri <in delujejo na različne organe> |
| carcinoid tumour | a tumour of the endocrine system that produces hormones | karcinoidni tumor | tumor endokrinega sistema, ki proizvaja hormone |
| carcinoma | a type of cancer | karcinom | vrsta raka |
| cardiac | heart | kardialen; srčen | srčen |
| cardiac arrest | heart stops beating | srčni zastoj | srce preneha biti |
| cardiac arrhythmia | see arrhythmia | srčna aritmija | glejte aritmija |
| cardiomyopathy | damage to the heart muscle | kardiomiopatija | okvara srčne mišice |
| cardiotoxicity | harm to the heart | kardiotoksičnost | škoduje srcu |
| cardiovascular | affecting the heart and blood circulation | srčnožilen | ki vplivajo na srce in krvni obtok |
| cardiovascular system | heart and blood vessels | srčnožilni sistem | srce in ožilje |
| cardioversion | a process that restores the heart’s normal rhythm | kardioverzija | proces, ki ponovno vzpostavi normalen ritem srca |
| cartilage | tough, flexible tissue in joints and other areas such as the nose and ears | hrustanec | trdno, prožno tkivo v sklepih in drugih predelih, kot so nos in ušesa |
| castration | surgical or chemical prevention of the effects of male hormones <released by the testes> | kastracija | kirurško ali kemično preprečevanje učinkov moških hormonov <ki se sprostijo v modih> |
| catalyse | help | katalizirati | pospeševati; spodbujati |
| cataplexy | sudden muscle weakness and collapse caused by a strong emotion or laughter <in patients with narcolepsy> | katapleksija | nenadna kratkotrajna izguba mišičnega tonusa zaradi močnih čustev ali smeha <pri bolnikih z narkolepsijo> |
| cataract | clouding of the lens | katarakta | motnost leče / motnjava leče |
| catheter | a flexible tube inserted into the body | kateter | prožna cevka, vstavljena v telo |
| CD4 T-cells | white blood cells that are important in helping to fight infections | celice CD4 T | bele krvne celice, ki so pomembne pri boju proti okužbam |
| cellulitis | inflammation of the deep skin tissue | celulitis | vnetje podkožnega tkiva |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | centralni živčni sistem | možgani in hrbtenjača |
| central venous catheter | see central venous line | centralni venski kateter | cevka, ki gre skozi kožo v centralno veno <in se uporablja za dajanje zdravil in tekočin> |
| central venous line | a tube through the skin into a large vein <used for giving medicines and fluids> | centralni venski kateter | cevka, ki gre skozi kožo v centralno veno <in se uporablja za dajanje zdravil in tekočin> |
| cerebral | of <cerebrum, a part of> the brain | možganski | <možganski>, del možganov |
| cerebral oedema | see oedema, cerebral | možganski edem | glejte edem, možganski |
| cerebrospinal fluid | fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord | cerebrospinalna tekočina | tekočina, ki obdaja možgane in hrbtenjačo |
| cerebrovascular accident | stroke | cerebrovaskularni insult | možganska kap |
| cerebrovascular disease | disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain | cerebrovaskularna bolezen | bolezen krvnih žil, ki oskrbujejo možgane |
| cervical cancer | cancer of the cervix | rak materničnega vratu | rak materničnega vratu |
| cervical dystonia | twisting and pulling of the neck and head caused by abnormal tightening of neck muscles | cervikalna distonija (spastični tortikolis) | zvijanje in vlečenje vratu in glave zaradi nenormalnega zategovanja vratnih mišic |
| cervix | the neck of the womb | cerviks; vrat | maternični vrat |
| CHD | see coronary heart disease | KBS | glejte koronarna bolezen srca |
| chelate | do not translate but explain in text, e.g. ‘attaches to another chemical to form a ‘chelate’ that can be removed from the body in the stools’ | kelat | ne prevajajte, temveč pojasnite v besedilu, npr. “se veže na drugo snov in tvori “kelat”, ki se lahko iz telesa odstrani z blatom” |
| cholestasis | reduced flow of bile from the liver <because of a blockage> | holestaza | zmanjšan pretok žolča iz jeter <zaradi zapore> |
| cholestatic hepatitis | see hepatitis, cholestatic | holestatični hepatitis | glejte hepatitis, holestatični |
| choroid | the layer below the retina that contains blood vessels | žilnica, horoidea | plast pod mrežnico, ki vsebuje krvne žile |
| chromatopsia | changes in colour perception | kromatopsija | sprememba v zaznavanju barv |
| chromosomal translocation | when parts of genes are rearranged between two chromosomes | kromosomska translokacija | premestitev delov genov med dvema kromosomoma |
| chromosome | genetic material | kromosom | genetski material |
| chronic | long term | kroničen | dolgotrajen |
| chronic renal failure | see renal failure, chronic | kronična ledvična odpoved | glejte ledvična odpoved, kronična |
| chronic stable angina pectoris | see angina pectoris | kronična stabilna angina pektoris | glejte angina pektoris |
| circumoral | do not use; substitute with around the mouth | obusten | ne uporabljajte; zamenjajte z okoli ust |
| cirrhosis | <scarring of the liver> <a type of liver disease> | ciroza | <brazgotinjenje jeter> <vrsta bolezni jeter> |
| cirrhosis, biliary | liver damage caused by build-up of bile | ciroza, biliarna | poškodbe jeter zaradi kopičenja žolča |
| coagulation | clotting | koagulacija | strjevanje |
| coagulopathy | problems with blood clotting | koagulopatija | težave s strjevanjem krvi |
| cognitive | ability to think, learn and remember | kognitiven | sposobnost razmišljanja, učenja in pomnjenja |
| colitis | inflammation in the large bowel <causing pain and diarrhoea> | kolitis | vnetje debelega črevesa <povzroča bolečine in drisko> |
| colloidal | solid particles evenly spread in a liquid | koloiden | trdni delci, enakomerno porazdeljeni v tekočini |
| colon | lower part of the gut | kolon | spodnji del črevesja |
| colonoscopy | a procedure to examine the large bowel though a tube with a camera | kolonoskopija | pregled debelega črevesa s cevko s kamero |
| colorectal cancer | a cancer that starts in the large bowel and involves the rectum (the lowest part of the gut) | kolorektalni rak | rak, ki se začne v debelem črevesu in vključuje danko (najnižji del črevesa) |
| community-acquired infection | infection has been caught outside of hospital | zunajbolnišnična okužba | okužba izven bolnišnice |
| compensated liver disease | see liver disease, compensated | kompenzirana bolezen jeter | glejte bolezen jeter, kompenzirana |
| compliance | the ability of patients to stick to their treatment; avoid term, explain what is meant | komplianca | sposobnost bolnikov, da se držijo svojega zdravljenja; izognite se izrazu, pojasnite, kaj je mišljeno |
| complicated flu | see flu, complicated | zapleten potek gripe | glejte gripa, zapleten potek |
| complicated infection | see infection, complicated | zapleten potek okužbe; zapletena okužba (kadar gre za superinfekcijo) | glejte okužba, zapleten potek |
| congenital | present at birth | kongenitalen | prisoten ob rojstvu |
| congestive heart failure | see heart failure, congestive | kongestivno srčno popuščanje | glejte srčno popuščanje, kongestivno |
| conjunctiva | the membrane that lines the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelid | konjunktiva / veznica | membrana, ki obroblja očesno beločnico in notranjo stran veke |
| conjunctivitis | redness and discomfort in the eye | konjunktivitis | rdečina in nelagodje v očesu |
| connective tissue | the tissue that binds and supports the skin and internal organs | vezivno tkivo | tkivo, ki povezuje in podpira kožo in notranje organe |
| constriction | narrowing | konstrikcija / zožitev | zožitev |
| contraception | prevention of pregnancy | kontracepcija | preprečevanje nosečnosti |
| contrast agent | a compound that helps make internal body structures easier to see during imaging and medical procedures | kontrastno sredstvo | snov, ki med slikanjem in medicinskimi posegi omogoči lažje opazovanje notranjih telesnih struktur |
| contusion | bruising | kontuzija | obtolčenina; potpludba |
| convulsion | an episode of spasm(s) and reduced consciousness | konvulzija | pojav krčev in zmanjšane zavesti |
| cornea | the transparent layer in front of the eye that covers the pupil and iris | roženica; kornea | prosojni, sprednji del očesa, ki pokriva zenico in šarenico |
| corneal opacity | clouding of the cornea | motnjava roženice | motnjava roženice / motnost roženice <prosojni, sprednji del očesa> |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply the heart muscle | koronarne arterije | krvne žile, ki oskrbujejo srčno mišico |
| coronary artery disease | see coronary heart disease | bolezen koronarnih arterij | glejte koronarna bolezen srca |
| coronary heart disease | heart disease caused by narrowing or blockage of blood vessels supplying the heart muscle | koronarna bolezen srca | srčna bolezen, ki jo povzroči zoženje ali zamašitev krvnih žil, ki oskrbujejo srčno mišico |
| corpora cavernosa | the spongy tissue of the penis | kavernozni korpus penisa | gobasto tkivo penisa |
| corpuscular volume | size of the red blood cells | korpuskularni volumen | velikost rdečih krvničk |
| C-reactive protein | a marker of inflammation | C-reaktivni protein | označevalec vnetja |
| creatine kinase | an enzyme released into the blood when muscle is damaged | kreatinska kinaza | encim, ki se sprosti v kri, kadar je mišica poškodovana |
| creatine phosphokinase (CPK) | see creatine kinase | kreatinska fosfokinaza | glejte kreatinska kinaza |
| creatinine | a breakdown product of muscle <removed by the kidneys> | kreatinin | produkt presnove mišic <ki ga odstranijo ledvice> |
| creatinine (elevated) | a sign of <worsening> kidney problems | kreatinin (zvišan) | znak <poslabšanja> težav z ledvicami |
| creatinine clearance | a measure of how well the kidneys are working | očistek kreatinina | merilo, kako dobro delujejo ledvice |
| crepitation | unusual crackling sound | krepitacija | nenavaden prasketajoč zvok |
| Crohn’s disease | an inflammatory disease affecting the gut | Crohnova bolezen | vnetna bolezen, ki prizadene črevesje |
| cryotherapy | freezing | krioterapija | zamrznitev |
| crystalluria | <crystal> particles in the urine | kristalurija | <kristalni> delci v urinu |
| cutaneous small vessel vasculitis | inflammation of blood vessels in the skin <which may result in a rash or bruising> | vaskulitis drobnih kožnih žil | vnetje krvnih žil v koži <ki lahko povzroči izpuščaj ali potpludbe> |
| Cushing’s syndrome | disorder with signs such as weight gain, fat build-up on the face and bruising caused by too much of <a type of steroid> <corticosteroid> hormone | Cushingov sindrom | motnja s simptomi, kot so povečanje telesne mase, kopičenje maščobe na obrazu in potpludbe, ki jih povzroča preveč <steroidnih> <kortikosteroidnih> hormonov |
| cyanosis | skin and lips turning blue <because of a lack of oxygen> | cianoza | koža in ustnice postanejo modre <zaradi pomanjkanja kisika> |
| cystitis | <inflammation> <infection> in the bladder <which can cause pain and discomfort when passing urine> | cistitis | <vnetje> <okužba> mehurja <ki lahko povzroči bolečino in nelagodje pri uriniranju> |
| cytokine release syndrome | <life-threatening> condition causing fever, vomiting, shortness of breath, headache and low blood pressure | sindrom sproščanja citokinov | <življenjsko nevarno> stanje, ki povzroči vročino, bruhanje, kratko sapo, glavobol in nizek krvni tlak |
| cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis | a viral infection of the retina, which can cause loss of vision | citomegalovirusni (CMV) retinitis | virusna okužba mrežnice, ki lahko povzroči izgubo vida |
| cytopenia | low number of cells in the blood <or tissue> | citopenija | nizko število celic v krvi <ali tkivu> |
| cytotoxic | cell-killing or able to kill <dividing> cells <such as cancer cells> | citotoksičen | ubijanje celic ali sposobnost ubijanja <delitvenih> celic <kot so rakave celice> |
| D | |||
| dander | shed skin and hair | prhljaj | luščenje kože in izpadanje las |
| decompensated heart failure | see heart failure, decompensated | dekompenzirano srčno popuščanje | glejte srčno popuščanje, dekompenzirano |
| decompensated liver disease | see liver disease, decompensated | dekompenzirana bolezen jeter | glejte bolezen jeter, dekompenzirana |
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg | globoka venska tromboza (GVT) | krvni strdek v globoki veni, navadno v nogi |
| delirium | confusion | delirij | zmedenost |
| deltoid muscle | muscle covering the shoulder joint | deltoidna mišica | mišica, ki pokriva ramenski sklep |
| delusion | false beliefs | blodnja | zmotno prepričanje |
| dementia | loss of intellectual function | demenca | upad intelektualnih sposobnosti |
| demyelinating polyneuropathy | a neurological disorder characterised by progressive weakness and loss of sensation in the legs and arms | demielinizirajoča polinevropatija | živčna motnja, za katero je značilna napredovala šibkost in izguba občutka v nogah in rokah |
| demyelination | breakdown of the covering around nerve fibres <which can affect brain activity, muscle control and sensations> | demielinizacija | okvara ovojnice okoli živčnih vlaken <kar lahko vpliva na možgansko aktivnost, nadzor mišic in zaznavanje čutil)> |
| depot injection | a type of injection where the medicine is prepared so that it is absorbed by the body very slowly | depo injekcija (zastarelo) | vrsta injekcije, pri kateri je zdravilo pripravljeno tako, da se počasi sprošča in ga telo zato počasi absorbira |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin | dermatitis | vnetje kože |
| dermatitis, atopic | see eczema, atopic | dermatitis, atopijski | glejte ekcem, atopijski |
| dermatology | the treatment of skin conditions | dermatologija | zdravljenje kožnih bolezni; veda o koži in kožnih boleznih |
| desquamation | shedding of the upper layers of the skin | deskvamacija / luščenje | luščenje zgornjih plasti kože |
| diabetic foot infection | consider infection that occurs in the feet of patients with diabetes | okužba diabetičnega stopala | razmislite o uporabi izraza okužba, ki se pojavi na stopalu bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | a serious complication of diabetes with high levels of ketones in the blood; add relevant symptoms if needed | diabetična ketoacidoza | resen zaplet sladkorne bolezni z visokimi ravnmi ketonov v krvi; po potrebi (ali če je treba) dodajte ustrezne simptome |
| diabetic peripheral neuropathy | damage to the nerves in the extremities that can occur in patients with diabetes | diabetična periferna nevropatija | poškodbe živcev v okončinah, ki se lahko pojavijo pri bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo |
| diabetic precoma | a dangerous condition that can occur in diabetes | diabetična predkoma | nevarno stanje, ki se lahko pojavi pri sladkorni bolezni |
| combine with ketoacidosis if necessary | po potrebi kombinirajte s ketoacidozo | ||
| dialysis | technique for removing unwanted substances and excess fluid from the blood <when the kidneys do not work well enough> | dializa | tehnika za odstranjevanje neželenih snovi in odvečne tekočine iz krvi <kadar ledvice ne delujejo dovolj dobro> |
| dialysis, peritoneal | type of dialysis <involving circulating fluid into the abdomen and then allowing the fluid to flow out> | dializa, peritonealna | vrsta dialize <vključuje kroženje tekočine v trebušni votlini in nato omogoča, da tekočina odteče ven> |
| diaphoresis | excessive sweating | diaforeza | čezmerno znojenje |
| diaphragm | the main breathing muscle under the lungs | diafragma | glavna dihalna mišica pod pljuči |
| diastolic blood pressure | see blood pressure, diastolic | diastolični krvni tlak | glejte tlak, krvni, diastolični |
| digital ulcers | see ulcers, digital | prstne razjede | glejte razjede, prstne |
| dilate | substitute with widen or expand | dilatirati | zamenjajte z razširiti |
| diplopia | double vision | diplopija | dvojni vid |
| disease-modifying (drugs or therapy) | treatment that changes the progress of a <long-term> disease | (zdravilo ali zdravljenje), ki spreminja (modificira) bolezen | zdravljenje, ki spremeni napredovanje <dolgotrajne> bolezni |
| dissociation (psychiatry) | feeling disconnected from emotions and physical surroundings | disociacija (psihiatrija) | občutek ločenosti od čustev in fizičnega okolja |
| distension | swelling | distenzija; raztegnitev | raztegnitev |
| diuretic | a medicine that increases urine production <and reduces build-up of water in the body> <and lowers blood pressure> | diuretik | zdravilo, ki poveča nastajanje urina <in zmanjša kopičenje vode v telesu> <in zniža krvni tlak> |
| diverticulitis | a disease affecting the gut | divertikulitis | bolezen, ki prizadene črevesje |
| DNA | genetic material | DNK | dedna snov; genetski material |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter Parkinson’s disease only: a messenger substance in the parts of the brain that control movement and coordination | dopamin | živčni prenašalec samo Parkinsonova bolezen: prenašalna snov v delih možganov, ki nadzorujejo gibanje in koordinacijo |
| dormant | inactive | v mirovanju / mirujoč | neaktiven |
| DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) | a severe reaction affecting the skin, blood and internal organs | reakcija na zdravilo z eozinofilijo in sistemskimi simptomi (DRESS) | huda reakcija na zdravilo, ki prizadene kožo, kri in notranje organe |
| ductus arteriosus, patent | a condition where the blood vessel that allows blood to bypass the baby’s lungs before birth fails to close after birth. This causes heart and lung problems in the baby | arteriozni duktus, odprti | stanje, pri katerem se krvna žila, ki omogoča krvi, da obide otrokova pljuča pred rojstvom, po rojstvu ne zapre. To povzroča težave s srcem in pljuči pri otroku |
| duodenitis | inflammation of the duodenum, the part of the gut leading out of the stomach | duodenitits | vnetje dvanajstnika, dela črevesja, ki vodi iz želodca |
| duodenum | the part of the gut leading out of the stomach | dvanajstnik | del črevesja, ki vodi iz želodca |
| dysaesthesia | unpleasant and abnormal feeling when touched | disestezija | neprijeten in nenormalen občutek ob dotiku |
| dysarthria | difficulty speaking | disartrija | težave pri govorjenju |
| dysgeusia | taste disturbance | disgevzija | motnja okusa |
| dyskinesia | difficulty controlling movement | diskinezija | težave pri nadzoru gibanja |
| dyslipidaemia | abnormal levels of fat in the blood | dislipidemija | nenormalna raven maščob v krvi |
| dysmenorrhoea | period pains | dismenoreja | bolečina med menstruacijo |
| dyspepsia | indigestion | dispepsija | prebavne mornje |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing | disfagija | težave pri požiranju |
| dysphonia | changes in the sound or tone of the voice | disfonija | spremembe v zvoku ali tonu glasu; hripavost |
| dysplasia | presence of abnormal cells <which may become cancerous> | displazija | prisotnost nenormalnih celic, <ki lahko postanejo rakave> |
| dyspnoea | difficulty breathing | dispneja | težko dihanje |
| dystonia | involuntary muscle contractions | distonija | nehoteni mišični krči |
| dysuria | painful urination | disurija | boleče uriniranje |
| E | |||
| echocardiography | a diagnostic test where an image of the heart is obtained using ultrasound | ehokardiografija | diagnostična preiskava, pri kateri se z ultrazvokom pridobi slika srca |
| ectopia lentis | a disorder where the lens of the eye is in the wrong position | ektopija leče | motnja, pri kateri je očesna leča v nepravilnem položaju |
| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy developing outside the womb | zunajmaternična nosečnost | nosečnost, ki se razvija zunaj maternice |
| eczema | itchy, red and dry skin | ekcem | srbeča, rdeča in suha koža |
| eczema, atopic | itchy, red and dry skin in people prone to allergies | ekcem, atopijski | srbeča, rdeča in suha koža pri ljudeh, nagnjenih k alergijam |
| efficacy | avoid; if absolutely necessary, use ‘how well <medicine> works as measured in clinical studies’ | učinkovitost | izognite se izrazu, kjer je to mogoče, ali uporabite izraz »kako dobro deluje <zdravilo>, kot je bilo izmerjeno v kliničnih študijah« |
| ejection fraction | how much blood is pumped out of the heart in one beat | iztisni delež | koliko krvi se izčrpa iz srca pri enem srčnem utripu |
| electrocardiogram (ECG) | a test of the heart’s <electrical> activity | elektrokardiogram (EKG) | test <električne> aktivnosti srca |
| electrolytes | salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and bicarbonate <in blood and other fluids in the body> | elektroliti | soli, kot so natrij, kalij, kalcij, klorid in hidrogenkarbonat <v krvi in drugih telesnih tekočinah> |
| embolisation | a procedure to block a blood vessel <to stop bleeding or to block the flow of blood to a tumour or abnormal cells> | embolizacija | okužba notranje plasti srčne stene, <ki lahko povzroči resne srčne zaplete> |
| embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel <by a clot> | embolizem | zamašitev krvne žile <s strdkom> |
| embolism, air / gas | air or gas bubbles in the blood that obstruct a blood vessel | embolizem, zrak / plin | mehurčki zraka ali plina v krvi, ki zamašijo krvno žilo |
| emetogenic | triggering nausea and vomiting | emetogen | sproži slabost in bruhanje |
| emotional lability | mood swings | čustvena labilnost | nihanje razpoloženja |
| empirical treatment | treatment started on current knowledge until better information is available | empirično zdravljenje; izkustveno zdravljenje | zdravljenje, ki se je začelo na podlagi trenutnega znanja, dokler ne bo na voljo boljše informacije |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain | encefalitis | |
| encephalopathy | brain disorder caused by a harmful substance or infection | encefalopatija | |
| encephalopathy, hepatic | brain damage caused by liver problems | encefalopatija, jetrna | poškodbe možganov zaradi bolezni jeter |
| encephalopathy, hyperammonaemic | brain damage caused by high levels of ammonia | encefalopatija | poškodbe možganov zaradi visoke ravni amonijaka |
| endocarditis | infection of the sac around the heart <which can lead to serious heart complications> | endokarditis | okužba notranje plasti srčne stene, <ki lahko povzroči resne srčne zaplete> |
| endocrine | related to <glands that produce> hormones in the body; in some circumstances, particularly where ‘endocrine’ is an adjective, using ‘hormonal’ might be enough | endokrin | povezano z <žlezami, ki proizvajajo> hormone v telesu; v nekaterih primerih, zlasti kadar je ‘endokrin’ pridevnik, bi morda zadostovala uporaba ‘hormonskih’ |
| endometrium | the lining of the womb | endometrij | maternična sluznica |
| endophthalmitis | inflammation of the inside the eye <often caused by infections> | endoftalmitis | vnetje notranjosti zrkla (po SMS); vnetje notranjosti očesa <pogosto zaradi okužb> |
| endoscope | a flexible device used to look inside body cavities | endoskop | naprava, ki se uporablja za pregledovanje telesnih votlin |
| endoscopy | a procedure that uses a tube with a camera to look inside the body | endoskopija | poseg, pri katerem se s pomočjo naprave s kamero pogleda v notranjost telesa |
| engraftment | consider when the cells start growing <and producing normal blood cells> | <uspešna> presaditev; vsaditev | razmislite o uporabi izraza celice pričnejo rasti <in proizvajati normalne krvne celice> |
| enzyme | general a protein that helps specific chemical processes in the body; more specific a protein that <explain role of enzyme, e.g., converts X to Y> | encim | pojasnite kot: beljakovina, ki pospeši določene kemične procese v telesu; natančneje: protein, ki <razložite vlogo encima, npr. pretvori X v Y> |
| enzyme replacement therapy | therapy in which the patient is provided the enzyme that is lacking | encimsko nadomestno zdravljenje | zdravljenje, pri katerem bolniku zagotovimo manjkajoči encim |
| eosinophil | a type of white blood cell | eozinofilec | vrsta belih krvnih celic |
| eosinophilia | an excess of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell | eozinofilija | presežek eozinofilcev, vrste belih krvnih celic |
| epidemic | when a disease spreads to a large number of people in a community, region or country | epidemija | kadar se bolezen razširi na veliko število ljudi v skupnosti, regiji ali državi |
| epidemiological studies | studies of the causes and distribution of diseases in the population | epidemiološke raziskave | raziskave vzrokov in razširjenosti bolezni v populaciji |
| epidermis | outer layer of the skin | pokožnica; epidermis | vrhnji sloj kože |
| epigastralgia | pain around the upper part of the stomach | epigastralgija | bolečine v zgornjem delu trebuha |
| epigastric (region) | upper and middle part of the belly | epigastrična (regija) | zgornji in srednji del trebuha |
| epiphysis | the growing ends of long bones <which become part of the main bone when growth finishes> | epifiza | rastoči konec dolge kosti <ki postane del glavne kosti, ko se rast konča> |
| epistaxis | substitute with nosebleed | epistaksa | zamenjajte z krvavitev iz nosu |
| erectile dysfunction | inability to get or keep an erection; impotence | erektilna disfunkcija | nezmožnost doseči ali ohraniti erekcijo; impotenca |
| erosion | ulcer | erozija | razjeda |
| eructation | belching | riganje; eruktacija | riganje |
| erythema | reddening of the skin | eritem; rdečina | pordelost kože |
| erythropoietin | hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells <by the bone marrow> | eritropoetin | hormon, ki spodbuja nastajanje rdečih krvničk <v kostnem mozgu> |
| exacerbation | flare-up | eksacerbacija; poslabšanje | ponovni izbruh |
| exercise capacity | the ability to carry out physical activity | vadbena zmogljivost | zmožnost izvajanja telesne dejavnosti |
| exfoliative | flaky | eksfoliativen | luskast |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | a technique to oxygenate the blood outside the body using a device similar to a heart-lung machine | zunajtelesna membranska oksigenacija (ECMO) | tehnika za zunajtelesno oksigenacijo krvi z uporabo naprave, podobne napravi srce-pljuča |
| extrapyramidal side effects / symptoms | effects on a part of the brain that regulates movement <which may result in tremor, muscle spasms or movement disorders> | ekstrapiramidni neželeni učinki / simptomi | učinki na del možganov, ki uravnava gibanje <kar lahko povzroči tremor, mišične krče ali motnje gibanja> |
| extravasation | when a medicine that is normally injected into a vein leaks or is accidentally injected into the tissue surrounding the vein, where it can cause serious damage | ekstravazacija | kadar zdravilo, ki se običajno injicira v veno, izteče ali je pomotoma injicirano v tkivo, ki obdaja veno, kjer lahko povzroči resno poškodbo |
| F | |||
| faecal urgency | urgent need to open the bowels | urgentno / nujno izločanje / odvajanje blata; urgentna defekacija | nujna potreba po odvajanju blata |
| familial | runs in the family | družinska | se pojavlja v družini |
| familial adenomatous polyposis | formation of numerous growths mainly in the large intestine | družinska adenomazozna polipoza | nastanek številnih polipov predvsem v debelem črevesu |
| familial hypercholesterolaemia | high blood cholesterol levels that run in the family | družinska hiperholesterolemija | visoka raven holesterola v krvi, ki se značilno pojavlja v družini |
| fatigue | substitute with tiredness | utrujenost; izčrpanost | zamenjajte z utrujenost |
| febrile | feverish | febrilen; vročinski | zamenjajte z vročičen |
| febrile neutropenia | see neutropenia, febrile | febrilna nevtropenija | glejte nevtropenija, febrilna |
| fibrillation | uncoordinated twitching of muscle <fibres> | fibrilacija | nekoordinirano trzanje mišičnih <vlaken> |
| fibrillation, atrial | irregular and uncoordinated contractions of the upper chambers of the heart <caused by problems in the flow of electrical impulses> <which may cause <palpitations> <fast heartbeat>> | atrijska fibrilacija | nepravilno in neusklajeno krčenje srčnih preddvorov <ki jih povzročajo težave s prevajanjem električnih impulzov> <ki lahko povzročijo <palpitacije> <hiter srčni utrip>> |
| fibrillation, ventricular | dangerous, irregular and uncoordinated contractions of the lower chambers of the heart <caused by problems in the flow of electrical impulses> <which can stop the heart working> | fibrilacija, ventrikularna | nevarno, nepravilno in neusklajeno krčenje srčnih prekatov <ki jih povzročajo težave s prevajanjem električnih impulzov> <ki lahko ustavijo delovanje srca> |
| fibroids | non-cancerous growths in the womb | fibroidi | nerakave rašče v maternici; nerakave spremembe v maternici |
| fibrosis | tissue scarring and thickening | fibroza | brazgotinjenje in zadebelitev tkiva |
| fibrosis, pulmonary | lung damage with tissue scarring and thickening | fibroza, pljučna | poškodbe pljuč z brazgotinjenjem in zadebelitvijo tkiva |
| ferritin | a protein that stores iron in the body | feritin | beljakovina, ki shranjuje železo v telesu |
| FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) | the most air a person can breathe out in 1 second | FEV1 (forsirani ekspiracijski volumen v prvi sekundi) | največja količina zraka, ki ga lahko človek izdihne v prvi sekundi |
| fibrinolytic | dissolves blood clots made out of a substance called fibrin | fibrinolitičen | raztaplja krvne strdke iz snovi, imenovane fibrin |
| fissure | tear or crack | fisura | špranja ali razpoka |
| fistula | abnormal passageway <between the gut and other organs> | fistula | nenormalen prehod <med črevesjem in drugimi organi> |
| flare | worsening of disease | poslabšanje | poslabšanje bolezni |
| flatulence | gas | flatulenca | napenjanje |
| flu, complicated | serious effects of flu generally requiring hospital care | gripa, zapleten potek | gripa z resnimi zapleti, ki navadno zahtevajo bolnišnično obravnavo |
| flushing | reddening of the skin | zardevanje | pordelost kože; zardevanje |
| flutter, atrial | rapid contractions of the upper chambers of the heart <caused by problems in the flow of electrical impulses> <which causes strain on the heart because the upper and lower chambers are beating at different speeds> | atrijsko plapolanje; preddvorno plapolanje | hitro krčenje srčnih preddvorov <ki jih povzročajo težave s prevajanjem električnih impulzov> <kar povzroča obremenitev srca, ker atrij in preddvor bijeta z različno hitrostjo> |
| follicles | small sacs <in the ovary> that hold the eggs | folikli | majhne vrečice <v jajčniku>, v katerih so jajčeca |
| folliculitis | inflammation of hair follicles | folikulitis | vnetje lasnih mešičkov |
| forced expiratory volume | the most air a person can breathe out <in one second> | forsirani ekspiracijski volumen | največja količina zraka, ki ga lahko človek izdihne v prvi sekundi |
| forced vital capacity | a measure of how much air the lungs can hold | forsirana vitalna kapaciteta | merilo, koliko zraka lahko iztisnejo pljuča |
| formication | a sensation of something crawling on or under the skin | formikacija | občutek, da nekaj gomazi po ali pod kožo |
| FVC | see forced vital capacity | FVC | glejte forsirana vitalna kapaciteta |
| G | |||
| gangrene | decay and death of tissue | gangrena | razpadanje in odmiranje tkiva |
| gastric retention | when the stomach does not empty properly | gastrična retencija | želodec se ne prazni pravilno |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach lining | gastritis | vnetje želodčne sluznice |
| gastroenteritis | diarrhoea and vomiting | gastroenteritis | driska in bruhanje |
| gastrointestinal | stomach and gut | gastrointestinalen | želodec in črevo |
| gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | disease where stomach acid rises up into the oesophagus | gastroezofagealna refluksna bolezen | bolezen, pri kateri se želodčna kislina vrača v požiralnik |
| gastro-resistant | <tablets> <capsules> that can pass through the stomach intact | gastrorezistenten | <tablete> <kapsule>, ki lahko nepoškodovane preidejo skozi želodec |
| gastrostomy | inserting a tube through the skin into the stomach; see also PEG | gastrostoma | cevka, vstavljena v želodec skozi kožo; glejte tudi PEG |
| general anaesthetic | see anaesthetic, general | splošni anestetik | glejte anestetik, splošni |
| generalised anxiety disorder | long-term anxiety or nervousness about everyday matters | generalizirana anksiozna motnja | dolgotrajna tesnobnost ali zaskrbljenost zaradi različnih vsakdanjih življenjskih okoliščin |
| generalised seizure | see seizure, generalised | generaliziran epileptični napad | glejte epileptični napad, generaliziran |
| genotoxic substance | a substance that is harmful to the DNA, the genetic material in cells | genotoksična snov | snov, ki je škodljiva za DNK, genetski material v celicah |
| glaucoma | damage to the nerve in the eye <usually caused by high pressure in the eye> | glavkom | poškodba očesnega živca <navadno zaradi visokega očesnega tlaka> |
| glaucoma, angle-closure | damage to the nerve in the eye caused by pressure inside the eye rising rapidly because fluid cannot drain out | glavkom z zaprtim zakotjem; angularni glavkom | poškodba očesnega živca, ki jo povzroči hitro naraščanje tlaka v očesu, ker tekočina ne more odtekati |
| glaucoma, narrow-angle | see glaucoma, angle-closure | glavkom z ozkim zakotjem | glejte glavkom z zaprtim zakotjem; angularni glavkom |
| glaucoma, open-angle | damage to the nerves in the eye caused by high pressure due to clogging of fluid drainage canals | glavkom z odprtim zakotjem | poškodba očesnega živca zaradi visokega tlaka zaradi zamašitve odtočnih kanalov |
| glioma | a type of brain tumour that begins in ‘glial’ cells (the cells that surround and support nerve cells) | gliom | vrsta možganskega tumorja, ki se začne v glija celicah (celicah, ki obdajajo in podpirajo živčne celice) |
| glossodynia | burning or tingling sensation in or around the mouth | glosodinija | pekoča bolečina ali mravljinčenje jezika in ust |
| glucose | sugar | glukoza | sladkor |
| gluteal region | buttocks | glutealno področje | zadnjica |
| glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) | the proportion of haemoglobin in the blood that has glucose attached. HbA1c indicates how well blood glucose is controlled | glikiran hemoglobin (HbA1c) | delež hemoglobina v krvi, na katerega je vezana glukoza. HbA1c kaže, kako dobro je glukoza v krvi nadzorovana |
| gout | high levels of uric acid in the blood causing symptoms especially painful inflammation in the joints | protin | putika, visoka raven sečne kisline v krvi, ki povzroča različne simptome, zlasti boleče vnetje v sklepih |
| graft versus host disease | when transplanted cells attack the body <because the transplanted tissue or organ regards the patient’s tissue as ‘foreign’ and attacks the body> | reakcija presadka proti gostitelju | kadar presajene celice napadejo telo <ker presajeno tkivo ali organ prepozna bolnikovo tkivo kot “tujek” in ga napade> |
| granulation | wound healing | granulacija | celjenje rane |
| granulation, hypertrophic | excessive production of tissue during wound healing | granulacija, hipertrofična | čezmerno razraščanje tkiva med celjenjem rane |
| granulocytes | a type of white blood cell | granulociti | vrsta belih krvnih celic |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | an immune system disorder that causes nerve inflammation <and can result in pain, numbness, muscle weakness and difficulty walking> | Guillain-Barréjev sindrom | bolezen imunskega sistema, ki povzroči vnetje živcev <in lahko povzroči bolečino, otrplost, mišično oslabelost in težave pri hoji> |
| gynaecomastia | abnormal breast enlargement | ginekomastija | nenormalno povečanje prsi |
| H | |||
| 5- hydroxytryptamine | also known as serotonin – see neurotransmitter | 5-hidroksitriptamin | snov, znana tudi kot serotonin – glejte živčni prenašalec |
| haemagglutination | clumping of red blood cells | hemaglutinacija | združevanje rdečih krvničk |
| haemagglutinins | <virus> proteins that make red blood cells clump together | hemaglutinin | <virusne> beljakovine, zaradi katerih se rdeče krvničke zlepijo |
| haematological | <of> <related to> blood | hematološki | <nanašajoč se na kri> <povezano s> krvjo |
| haematoma | a collection of blood under the skin | hematom | nabiranje krvi pod kožo |
| haematopoietic (blood) stem cell transplantation | a procedure where the patient’s bone marrow is <cleared of cells and> replaced <by stem cells> <from a donor> <with the patient’s own stem cells> to form new bone marrow <that produces healthy cells> | presaditev hematopoetskih (krvnih) matičnih celic | postopek, pri katerem pacientov kostni mozeg <očistijo celic in>ga nadomestijo <z matičnimi celicami> <darovalca> <z lastnimi matičnimi celicami bolnika>, da se tvori nov kostni mozeg, <ki proizvaja zdrave celice> |
| haematopoietic progenitor cells | see stem cells | hematopoetske matične celice | glejte matične celice |
| haematuria | substitute with blood in the urine | hematurija | zamenjajte s kri v urinu |
| haemodialysis | procedure for removing waste products from the blood <used in patients with kidney disease> <using a blood filtration machine> | hemodializa; dializa | postopek za odstranjevanje odpadnih snovi iz krvi <uporablja se pri bolnikih z boleznijo ledvic> <uporaba naprave za filtriranje krvi> |
| haemoglobin | the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body | hemoglobin | beljakovina v rdečih krvničkah, ki prenaša kisik po telesu |
| haemolytic anaemia | see anaemia, haemolytic | hemolitična anemija | glejte anemija, hemolitična |
| haemophilia A | an inherited bleeding disorder caused by lack of factor VIII | hemofilija A | dedna motnja strjevanja krvi, ki jo povzroča pomanjkanje faktorja VIII |
| haemophilia B | an inherited bleeding disorder caused by lack of factor IX | hemofilija B | dedna motnja strjevanja krvi, ki jo povzroča pomanjkanje faktorja IX |
| haemoptysis | coughing blood | hemoptiza | izkašljevanje krvi |
| haemorrhage | substitute with bleeding | hemoragija; krvavitev | zamenjajte s krvavitev |
| haemorrhagic stroke | see stroke, haemorrhagic | hemoragični insult; hemoragična možganska kap | glejte možganska kap, hemoragična |
| haemostasis | stopping bleeding | hemostaza | zaustavitev krvavitve |
| hallucination | seeing, hearing or feeling things that are not there | halucinacija | videti, slišati ali čutiti stvari, ki jih ni |
| hand foot syndrome | rash and numbness on the palms and soles | sindrom roka – noga | izpuščaj in otrplost na dlaneh in podplatih |
| hay fever | inflammation of the nasal passages caused by an allergy to pollen | seneni nahod | vnetje nosnih poti, ki ga povzroča preobčutljivost na cvetni prah |
| do not define unless absolutely necessary | ne definirajte, razen če je nujno potrebno | ||
| heart failure | when the heart does not pump blood as well as it should <with shortness of breath, tiredness and ankle swelling> | srčno popuščanje | kadar srce ne črpa krvi dovolj dobro <z zasoplostjo (kratko sapo), utrujenostjo in otekanjem gležnjev> |
| heart failure, congestive | when the heart does not pump blood as well as it should <with build-up of fluid around the heart> <causing shortness of breath, tiredness and ankle swelling> | srčno popuščanje, kongestivno | ko srce ne črpa krvi tako dobro, kot bi moralo <, kar povzroča kratko sapo, utrujenost in otekanje gležnjev> <ter nabiranje tekočine okoli srca> |
| heart failure, decompensated | when the heart is working less and less well | srčno popuščanje, dekompenzirano | ko srce dela vedno slabše |
| hepatic | liver | hepatičen; jetrni | jetrni |
| hepatic encephalopathy | see encephalopathy, hepatic | hepatična encefalopatija | glejte encefalopatija, hepatična |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver | hepatitis | vnetje jeter |
| hepatitis, cholestatic | build-up of bile leading to inflammation of the liver | holestatični hepatitis | kopičenje žolča, ki povzroči vnetje jeter |
| hepatomegaly | enlarged liver | hepatomegalija | povečana jetra |
| HER2 | a protein involved in the growth of certain types of breast cancer | HER2; receptor 2 za epidermalni rastni faktor | beljakovina, ki sodeluje pri rasti nekaterih vrst raka dojke |
| herpes simplex | viral infection of the mouth (such as cold sores) or the genitals | herpesa | virusna okužba ust (kot na primer mehurčki) ali spolovil |
| herpes zoster | see shingles | herpes zoster; pasovec | glejte pasovec |
| hirsutism | excessive hair <in parts where there is usually very little or no hair> | hirsutizem | čezmerna poraščenost <na delih, kjer je dlak navadno zelo malo ali nič> |
| histamine | a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms | histamin | snov v telesu, ki povzroča simptome alergije |
| HMG-CoA reductase | an enzyme in the liver that is needed to make cholesterol | hidroksimetilglutaril-CoA reduktaza | encim v jetrih, ki je potreben za tvorbo holesterola |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | see lymphoma | Hodgkinov limfom | glejte limfom |
| hormone | a substance <released by a gland> that circulates in the blood and helps body organs to work in specific ways | hormon | snov <ki jo izloča žleza>, ki kroži po krvi in pomaga telesnim organom delovati na določene načine |
| hormone treatment | treatment that blocks or increases the effects of specific hormones | hormonska terapija; hormonsko zdravljenje | zdravljenje, ki blokira ali poveča učinke določenih hormonov |
| hyperaemia | increased blood flow | hiperemija | povečan pretok krvi |
| hyperaemia, ocular | red eye | hiperemija, očesna | rdeče oko |
| hyperammonaemia | high blood levels of ammonia | hiperamoniemija | visoka raven amoniaka v krvi |
| hyperammonaemic encephalopathy | see encephalopathy, hyperammonaemic | encefalopatija, hiperamoniemična | glejte encefalopatija, hiperamoniemična |
| hyperbilirubinaemia | high blood levels of bilirubin<, a breakdown product of red blood cells, which can cause yellowing of the skin and eyes> <, indicating liver problems> | hiperbilirubinemija | visoka raven bilirubina, <razgradnega produkta rdečih krvničk, ki lahko povzroči porumenelost kože in oči> <kar kaže na težave z jetri> |
| hypercalcaemia | high blood calcium levels | hiperkalciemija | visoka raven kalcija v krvi |
| hypercalciuria | high calcium levels in the urine | hiperkalciurija | visoka raven kalcija v urinu |
| hyperchloraemic acidosis | excess acid in the blood caused by too much chloride | acidoza hiperkloremična | povečana kislost krvi zaradi prevelike količine klorida |
| hypercholesteraemia | high blood cholesterol levels | hiperholesterolemija | visoka raven holesterola v krvi |
| hypercholesterolaemia, primary | high blood cholesterol levels that have no identifiable cause | hiperholesterolemija, primarna | visoka raven holesterola v krvi, za katere ni možno ugotoviti vzroka |
| hyperglycaemia | high blood glucose level | hiperglikemija | visoka raven glukoze v krvi |
| hyperglycaemic coma | coma caused by too much blood glucose | hiperglikemična koma | koma zaradi previsoke ravni glukoze v krvi |
| hyperhidrosis | excessive sweating | hiperhidroza | čezmerno znojenje |
| hyperkalaemia | high blood potassium level <which can cause tiredness, muscle weakness, feeling sick and heart rhythm disturbances> | hiperkaliemija | visoka raven kalija v krvi <kar lahko povzroči utrujenost, mišično oslabelost, slabost in motnje srčnega ritma> |
| hyperlactataemia | high blood lactic acid level | hiperlaktatemija; zvišana raven laktata / mlečne kisline v krvi | visoka raven mlečne kisline v krvi |
| hyperlipidaemia | high blood levels fat in the blood | hiperlipidemija | visoka raven maščob v krvi |
| hypernatraemia | high blood sodium levels <which can cause thirst, tiredness, confusion and seizures> | hipernatriemija | visoka raven natrija v krvi <ki lahko povzroči žejo, utrujenost, zmedenost in epileptične napade> |
| hyperparathyroidism | when the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, which raises calcium levels in the blood <and can lead to bone and muscle pain, dehydration, and fragile bones> | hiperparatiroidizem | kadar obščitnične žleze izločijo preveč obščitničnega hormona, kar zviša raven kalcija v krvi <in lahko povzroči bolečine v kosteh in mišicah, dehidracijo in krhke kosti> |
| hyperphosphataemia | high blood phosphate levels | hiperfosfatemija | visoka raven fosfatov v krvi |
| hyperplasia | enlargement of an organ or body tissue <caused by increased cell division> | hiperplazija | povečanje tkiva ali organa <zaradi povečane delitve celic> |
| hypersensitive | allergic | preobčutljiv | alergičen |
| hypersensitivity | allergic reactions | preobčutljivost | alergijska reakcija |
| hypersensitivity reaction, acute systemic | allergic reaction with widespread effects such as shortness of breath, skin rashes and low blood pressure | preobčutljivostna reakcija, akutna sistemska | alergijska reakcija z obsežnejšo prizadetostjo, kot so kratka sapa, kožni izpuščaj in nizek krvni tlak |
| hypertension | high blood pressure | hipertenzija | visok krvni tlak |
| hypertension, ocular | raised pressure in the eye | hipertenzija, očesna | povišan tlak v očesu |
| hypertensive crisis | sudden, dangerously high blood pressure | hipertenzivna kriza | nenaden, nevaren porast krvnega tlaka |
| hyperthermia | high body temperature | hipertermija | visoka telesna temperatura |
| hyperthyroidism | an overactive thyroid gland <which can cause hyperactivity, sweating, weight loss and thirst> | hipertiroidizem | čezmerno delovanje ščitnice <ki lahko povzroči hiperaktivnost, potenje, hujšanje in žejo> |
| hypertonia | muscle tension | hipertonija | mišična napetost |
| hypertriglyceridaemia | high blood levels of triglycerides, a type of fat | hipertrigliceridemija | visoka raven trigliceridov v krvi, vrste maščobe |
| hypertrophic granulation | see granulation, hypertrophic | hipertrofična granulacija | glejte granulacija, hipertrofična |
| hypertrophy | excessive growth or increase in the number or size of cells | hipertrofija | čezmerna rast ali povečanje števila ali velikosti celic |
| hyperuricaemia | high blood level of uric acid | hiperurikemija | visoka raven sečne kisline v krvi |
| hypervolaemic | when the amount of water in the body is higher than normal | hipervolemičen | kadar je količina vode v telesu povečana |
| hypoacusis | hearing loss | hipakuza; naglušnost | oslabljen sluh |
| hypoaesthesia | reduced sensation to touch, pain and temperature | hipestezija | zmanjšan občutek za dotik, bolečino in temperaturo |
| hypoalbuminaemia | low levels of albumin, a blood protein | hipoalbuminemija | nizka raven albumina, beljakovine v krvi |
| hypocalcaemia | low blood calcium levels | hipokalciemija | nizka raven kalcija v krvi |
| hypoglycaemia | low blood glucose levels | hipoglikemija | nizka raven glukoze v krvi |
| hypokalaemia | low blood potassium levels <which can cause weakness, muscle cramps, tingling and heart rhythm disturbance> | hipokaliemija | nizka raven kalija v krvi <ki lahko povzroči šibkost, mišične krče, mravljinčenje in motnje srčnega ritma> |
| hypomagnesaemia | low blood magnesium levels | hipomagneziemija | nizka raven magnezija v krvi |
| hypomania | feeling excited and overactive | hipomanija | občutek privzdignjenosti in pretirane aktivnosti |
| hyponatraemia | low blood sodium levels <which can cause headache, tiredness, seizures and coma> | hiponatriemija | nizka raven natrija v krvi <kar lahko povzroči glavobol, utrujenost, epileptične napade in komo> |
| hypophosphataemia | low blood levels of phosphates | hipofosfatemija | nizka raven fosfatov v krvi |
| hypoplasia | incomplete development of an organ or tissue | hipoplazija | nezadostna razvitost organa ali tkiva |
| hypoproteinaemia | low blood protein levels | hipoproteinemija | nizka raven beljakovin v krvi |
| hypotension | low blood pressure | hipotenzija | nizek krvni tlak |
| hypotension, orthostatic | see hypotension, postural | hipotenzija, ortostatska | glejte hipotenzija, posturalna |
| hypotension, postural | feeling dizzy or lightheaded on standing or sitting up because of a drop in blood pressure | hipotenzija, posturalna | občutek vrtoglavice ali omotice v stoječem ali sedečem položaju zaradi padca krvnega tlaka |
| hypothalamus | a region of the brain | hipotalamus | predel možganov |
| hypothyroidism | an underactive thyroid gland <with tiredness, weight gain, and skin and hair changes> | hipotiroidizem; hipotiroza | premalo delujoča ščitnica <z utrujenostjo, povečanjem telesne mase ter spremembami na koži in laseh> |
| hypotonia | reduced muscle strength or tone | hipotonija | zmanjšan tonus ali mišična moč |
| hypoxia | lack of oxygen in body tissues | hipoksija | pomanjkanje kisika v telesnih tkivih |
| I | |||
| icterus | see jaundice | zlatenica; ikterus | glejte zlatenica |
| idiopathic | the cause of the disease is unknown | idiopatičen; idiopatski | vzrok bolezni ni znan |
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | a disease in which people do not have enough platelets and are at high risk of bleeding | idiopatična trombocitopenična purpura | bolezen, pri kateri boolniki nimajo dovolj trombocitov in imajo veliko tveganje za krvavitev |
| ileum (ileal) | last part of the small intestine | ileum | zadnji del tankega črevesa |
| ileus | loss of movement in bowel muscles | ileus | izguba gibanja črevesnih mišic |
| immediate-release tablet | only needs definition when comparing with other types of tablet a tablet that releases the active substance immediately | tableta s takojšnjim sproščanjem | le za primerjavo z drugimi vrstami tablet tableta, iz katere se učinkovina takoj sprosti |
| immune reactivation syndrome | see immune reconstitution syndrome | sindrom imunske reaktivacije | glejte sindrom imunske obnove |
| immune reconstitution syndrome | when the recovering immune system starts fighting off hidden infection, causing inflammation and damage to healthy tissue <such as the liver and thyroid gland> | sindrom imunske obnove | kadar se okrevajoči imunski sistem začne boriti proti skriti okužbi, ki povzroča vnetje in poškodbe zdravega tkiva <kot sta jetra in ščitnica> |
| immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) | see immune reconstitution syndrome | vnetni sindrom imunske obnove | glejte sindrom imunske obnove |
| immune system | the body’s natural defences | imunski sistem | naravna obramba telesa |
| immunity | protection | imunost | obramba |
| immunocompetent person | person with an immune system that works normally | imunokompetentna oseba | oseba z imunskim sistemom, ki deluje normalno |
| immunocompromised person | person with a weakened immune system | imunokompromitirana oseba | oseba z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom |
| immunodeficiency disorder, primary | when body defences are reduced from birth | motnja imunske pomanjkljivosti, primarna | kadar je naravna obramba telesa od rojstva zmanjšana |
| immunogenicity | general the ability to make the immune system respond to the <viruses / bacteria etc.>; | imunogenost | splošno sposobnost, da se imunski sistem odzove na <viruse / bakterije itd.>; |
| for studies the ability of X to trigger the production of antibodies | za študije sposobnosti X, da sproži nastajanje protiteles | ||
| immunoglobulins | antibodies; see antibody | imunoglobulini | protitelesa; glejte protitelo |
| as active substance blood proteins that have been extracted from donor plasma triggering of the body’s defences against <an organism or a foreign substance> | kot učinkovina beljakovine iz krvne plazme darovalca, ki sprožijo imunski sistem kot obrambo telesa proti <organizmu ali tujku> | ||
| immunological response | triggering of the body’s defences against <an organism or a foreign substance> | imunološki odziv | sprožitev imunskega sistema kot obrambe telesa proti <organizmu ali tujku> |
| immunomodulator | a substance that changes the activity of the body’s defences | imunomodulator | snov, ki spremeni imunsko odzivnost |
| immunosuppressant medicine | a medicine that reduces the activity of the immune system | imunosupresivno zdravilo | zdravilo, ki zavira aktivnost imunskega sistema |
| immunosuppressive | reduces the activity of the immune system | imunosupresivno (delovanje) | zavira aktivnost imunskega sistema |
| immunotherapy | medicines that stimulate the immune system <to kill the cancer cells> | imunoterapija | zdravila, ki spodbujajo imunski sistem <da ubije rakave celice> |
| impetigo | a skin infection causing crusting scabs | impetigo | okužba kože, ki povzroča kraste; krastavost |
| inactivated (vaccine) | see vaccine, inactivated | inaktivirano cepivi | glejte cepivo, inaktivirano |
| incidence | the number of people who get the <disease / condition / illness> every <year> | incidenca; pojavnost | število ljudi, ki zbolijo za <boleznijo / stanjem> vsako <leto> |
| incontinence | lack of control over passing <urine><stools> | inkontinenca | nezmožnost zadrževanja <urina><blata> |
| incontinence, stress | accidental leaks of urine caused by sudden pressure on the bladder <brought on, for example, by coughing, laughing, lifting and exercising> | inkontinenca, stresna | nenamerno uhajanje urina zaradi nenadnega pritiska na mehur <na primer zaradi kašljanja, smejanja, dvigovanja in vadbe> |
| incontinence, urge | see urinary urgency | inkontinenca, urgentna | glejte urgentna inkontinenca |
| indolent | slow-growing (cancer) | indoleneten | ki raste počasi (rak) |
| induration | hardening <at the injection site> | induracija | otrdelost <na mestu injiciranja> |
| indwelling intravenous cannula | see cannula, indwelling intravenous | stalna intravenska kanila | glejte kanila, stalna intravenska |
| infection, complicated | infection that is difficult to treat because it has spread within the body or the patient has other conditions | okužba, zapleten potek | okužba, ki jo je težko zdraviti, ker se je razširila po telesu ali pa ima bolnik druge bolezni |
| infection, upper respiratory tract | nose and throat infection | okužba, zgornje dihalne poti | okužba nosu in grla |
| infection, urinary tract | infection of the parts of the body that collect and pass out urine | okužba, sečila | okužba organov, ki tvorijo in odvajajo urin |
| influenza | flu | gripa; influenca | gripa |
| infusion | drip | infuzija | infuzija |
| insomnia | difficulty sleeping; consider difficulty falling and staying asleep, and poor quality of sleep | nespečnost | težave s spanjem; razmislite o uporabi izrazov težave z uspavanjem, neprekinjenim spanjem ter slabo kakovostjo spanja |
| insomnia, primary | insomnia with no identified cause <including medical, mental or environmental causes> | nespečnost, primarna | nespečnost brez znanega vzroka <vključno z zdravstvenimi, duševnimi ali okoljskimi vzroki> |
| interstitial lung disease | see lung disease, interstitial | intersticijska pljučna bolezen | glejte pljučna bolezen, intersticijska |
| intra-abdominal infections | use infections within the abdomen (belly) | intraabdominalne okužbe | uporabite izraz okužbe v trebuhu |
| intracranial | within the skull <in or around the brain> | intrakranialen; znotrajlobanjski | v lobanji <v ali okoli možganov> |
| intradermal | <within><into> the skin | intradermalen | <znotraj kože><v koži> |
| intramuscular | into a muscle | intramuskularen | v mišico |
| intraocular | into the eye | intraokularen | v oko |
| intraspinal analgesia | see analgesic, intraspinal | spinalna analgezija | glejte analgetik, intratekalni; injiciranje v tekočino, ki obdaja hrbtenjačo |
| intrathecal | into the spinal canal <into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord> | intratekalno | v hrbtenični kanal <v tekočino, ki obdaja hrbtenjačo> |
| intravenous<ly> | into a vein | intravensko | v veno |
| intravitreal | inserted into the vitreous humour, the jelly-like fluid in the eye | intravitrealno | vstavljanje v steklovino, želeju podobni tekočini v očesu |
| intubation | insertion of a breathing tube through the nose or the mouth | intubiranje | vstavitev dihalne cevke skozi nos ali usta |
| intussusception | when part of the bowel becomes enfolded within another part of the bowel, leading to a blockage | invaginacija; uvihanje | uvihanje dela črevesja samega vase ali v sosednjo črevesno vijugo, kar povzroči zaporo |
| invasive disease | disease <that has spread> <capable of spreading> to other parts of the body | invazivna bolezen | bolezen <ki se je razširila> <se lahko razširi> na druge dele telesa |
| invasive procedure | avoid if possible; consider a medical procedure that may involve piercing or cutting into the body or inserting instruments | invaziven postopek | izognite se izrazu, če je mogoče; uporabite medicinski poseg, ki lahko vključuje prebadanje ali rezanje telesa ali vstavljanje instrumentov v telo |
| ions | charged particles | ioni | delci z nabojem |
| iron overload | an excess of iron in the body | preobremenitev z železom | presežek železa v telesu |
| ischaemia | reduced blood supply | ishemija | zmanjšana oskrba s krvjo |
| ischaemic heart disease | see coronary heart disease | ishemična bolezen srca | glejte koronarna bolezen srca |
| ischaemic stroke | see stroke, ischaemic | ishemična možganska kap | glejte možganska kap, ishemična |
| J | |||
| jaundice | yellowing of the skin and eyes | zlatenica; ikterus | porumenelost kože in oči; rumeno obarvanje kože in beločnic |
| K | |||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma | a type of cancer affecting the skin | Kaposijev sarkom | vrsta raka, ki prizadene kožo |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea | keratitis | vnetje roženice (prosojni, sprednji del očesa> |
| keratoconjunctivitis sicca | dry eyes | suhi keratokonjunktivitis | suhe oči |
| keratopathy | damage to the cornea, the transparent layer of the eye | keratopatija | poškodbe roženice, prosojnega, sprednjega dela očesa |
| ketoacidosis | a dangerous condition with high blood levels of ketones <that can make blood more acidic> | ketoacidoza | nevarno stanje z visokimi ravnmi ketonov v krvi <ki lahko kri zakisajo> |
| L | |||
| lacerations | cuts | laceracija | raztrganina |
| lacrimation | watery eyes | lakrimacija | solzenje |
| lactate dehydrogenase | a marker for tissue damage | laktatna dehidrogenaza | označevalec za poškodbo tkiva |
| lactic acidosis | a build-up of lactic acid in the body | mlečnokislinska acidoza | kopičenje mlečne kisline v telesu |
| larynx | voice box | grlo | grlo |
| laxatives | medicines that treat constipation | odvajala | zdravila za zdravljenje zaprtja; |
| lean body mass | body weight excluding fat | pusta telesna masa | telesna masa brez maščobe |
| lesion | consider injury or abnormality | lezija | razmislite o uporabi izrazov poškodba ali nepravilnost |
| lethargy | lack of energy | letargija | pomanjkanje energije |
| leucocytes | white blood cells | levkociti | bele krvne celice |
| leucocytosis | high levels of white blood cells | levkocitoza | visoka raven belih krvnih celic |
| leucopenia | low levels of white blood cells | levkopenija | nizka raven belih krvnih celic |
| leukaemia | cancer of the white blood cells | levkemija | rak belih krvnih celic |
| limb | arm or leg | okončina | roka ali noga |
| lipids | fats | lipidi | maščobe |
| lipoatrophy | loss of fat below the skin <that can change body shape> | lipoatrofija | izguba podkožne maščobe <ki lahko spremeni obliko telesa> |
| lipodystrophy (syndrome) | changes in the distribution of body fat | lipodistrofija (sindrom) | spremembe v porazdelitvi telesne maščobe |
| liver disease, compensated | when the liver is damaged but is still able to work <adequately> | bolezen jeter, kompenzirana | kadar so jetra poškodovana, vendar še vedno lahko <ustrezno> delujejo |
| liver disease, decompensated | when the liver is damaged and can no longer work adequately | bolezen jeter, dekompenzirana | kadar so jetra poškodovana in ne morejo več ustrezno delovati |
| liver impairment | problems with the liver | jetrna okvara | težave z jetri |
| local anaesthetic | see anaesthetic, local | lokalni anestetik | glejte anestetik, lokalni |
| long QT syndrome | see QT<c> prolongation | sindrom dolgega intervala QT | glejte podaljšanje intervala QT <c> |
| low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol | ‘bad’ cholesterol | lipoprotein nizke gostote (LDL)-holesterol | ‘slabi’ holesterol |
| lower respiratory tract infection | infection of the lungs such as bronchitis or pneumonia | okužba spodnjih dihalnih poti | okužba pljuč, kot sta bronhitis ali pljučnica |
| lumbar puncture | inserting a needle into the lower spine <to test for or treat conditions affecting the spinal cord and brain> | lumbalna punkcija | vstavljanje igle v spodnji del hrbtenice <za testiranje ali zdravljenje bolezni, ki prizadenejo hrbtenjačo in možgane> |
| lumbar vertebra | one of the bones in the lower part of the spine | ledveno vretence | vretence (ena od kosti) v spodnjem delu hrbtenice |
| lung disease, interstitial | disorders causing scarring in the lungs | pljučna bolezen, intersticijska | motnje, ki povzročajo brazgotinjenje v pljučih |
| luteinising hormone (LH) | the hormone that triggers the release of eggs during the menstrual cycle | luteinizirajoči hormon (LH) | hormon, ki sproži sproščanje jajčec med menstrualnim ciklom |
| lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes, or ‘swollen glands’ | limfadenopatija | povečane bezgavke |
| lymphatic system | consider a network of vessels that transport fluid from tissues through the lymph nodes and into the bloodstream | limfni sistem | razmislite o uporabi izraza mreža žil, ki prenašajo tekočino iz tkiv skozi bezgavke v krvni obtok |
| lymphocele | collection of lymph fluid usually in the lower belly | limfokela | nabiranje limfne tekočine, navadno v spodnjem delu trebuha |
| lymphocytes | a type of white blood cell | limfociti | vrsta belih krvnih celic |
| lymphoma | cancer of lymphocytes, white blood cells involved in the body’s defences | limfom | rak limfocitov, belih krvnih celic, ki sodelujejo pri obrambi telesa |
| lymphopenia | low level of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell | limfopenija | nizka raven limfocitov, vrste belih krvnih celic |
| lyophilisate | medicine <or food> that has been dried <by freeze drying> | liofilizat | zdravilo <ali živilo>, ki je bilo posušeno <z zamrzovanjem> |
| lysis | cell death | liza | razgradnja; celična smrt; razkroj celice |
| M | |||
| macrocytosis | enlargement of red blood cells | makrocitoza | povečanje velikosti rdečih krvnih celic |
| macula | the central part of the retina at the back of the eye | rumena pega; makula | osrednji del mrežnice na zadnji strani očesa |
| macular oedema | see oedema, macular | makularni edem | glejte edem, makularni |
| macrophage | a type of white blood cell | makrofag | vrsta belih krvnih celic |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | technique for detailed scanning of internal organs <using magnetic fields> | magnetnoresonančno slikanje (MRI); slikanje z magnetno resonanco (MRI) | slikanje notranjih organov <z uporabo magnetnega polja> |
| maintenance (dose, treatment) | consider <continuing> <ongoing><subsequent> | vzdrževalni odmerek, vzdrževalno zdravljenje | razmislite o uporabi izraza <stalno> |
| if only the first dose is different, then no need to describe the rest of the doses as continuing, ongoing, etc | če je drugačen le prvi odmerek, preostalih odmerkov ni treba opisati kot nadaljevalne oz. stalne itd. | ||
| malabsorption | poor absorption of nutrients from the digestive system | malabsorpcija | slaba absorpcija hranil iz prebavil |
| malaise | substitute with feeling generally unwell | slabo počutje | nadomestite s <splošno> slabo počutje |
| malignant | cancerous | maligen | rakav |
| mania | mental disorder with extreme excitement and overactivity | manija | duševna motnja z velikim vznemirjenjem in čezmerno aktivnostjo |
| manic episode | periods of extremely high mood | manična epizoda | obdobja izjemno privzdignjenega razpoloženja |
| melanoma | a type of skin cancer affecting cells called melanocytes | melanom | vrsta kožnega raka, ki prizadene celice, imenovane melanociti |
| meningitis | inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord | meningitis | vnetje membran, ki obdajajo možgane in hrbtenjačo |
| metabolites | breakdown products in the body or the substances that <a food> <a medicine> <a chemical> is broken down into | metaboliti | razgradni produkti v telesu ali snovi, na katere se <hrana> <zdravilo> <kemikalija> razgradi |
| metastasis | cancer that has spread from another part of the body | metastaza; zasevek | rak, ki se je razširil z drugega dela telesa |
| metastatic | has spread to other parts of the body | metastatski | se je razširil na druge dele telesa |
| methaemoglobinaemia | too much of an abnormal haemoglobin that cannot carry oxygen effectively | methemoglobinemija | preveč nenormalnega hemoglobina, ki ne more učinkovito prenašati kisika |
| minimal residual disease | when very few cancer cells remain in the body after treatment | minimalna rezidualna bolezen | ko v telesu ostane zelo malo rakavih celic po zdravljenju |
| mitochondria | the energy-producing components within cells | mitohondriji | celični organeli, ki proizvajajo energijo |
| modified-release | for layered tablets containing two active substances the two active substances are released at different rates from the tablet <over a few hours> | prirejeno sproščanje | pri večplastnih tabletah, ki vsebujejo dve učinkovini, se učinkovini iz tablete sproščata različno hitro <obdobju nekaj ur> |
| for other modified release preparations, do not give a general definition of modified release but give a description restricted to the medicine | za druge farmacevtske oblike s prirejenim sproščanjem ne podajajte splošne definicije prirejenega sproščanja, temveč navedite opis, omejen na konkretno zdravilo | ||
| monoclonal antibody | an antibody (a type of protein) designed to recognise and attach to <named antigen> <a specific target> | monoklonsko protitelo | protitelo (vrsta beljakovine), zasnovano za prepoznavanje in pritrditev na <navedeni antigen> <specifično tarčo> |
| see Explainer ‘What are monoclonal antibodies?’ | glejte pojasnilo ‘Kaj so monoklonska protitelesa?’ | ||
| monotherapy | used on its own | monoterapija | se uporablja samostojno |
| mortality | do not use, but say death rate | umrljivost; mortaliteta | ne uporabljajte, temveč navedite umrljivost |
| mucopurulent | containing mucus and pus | mukopurulenten | vsebuje sluz in gnoj |
| mucosa | see mucous membranes | sluznica | glejte sluznica |
| mucositis | inflammation of the moist body surfaces | vnetje sluznice | vnetje vlažnih telesnih površin |
| mucositis, oral | inflammation of the lining in the mouth <ranging from soreness and redness to severe ulceration> | vnetje ustne sluznice | vnetje ustne sluznice <vse od bolečine in rdečine do hude razjede> |
| mucous membranes | moist body surfaces, such as the lining of the mouth | sluznice | vlažne telesne površine, kot je na primer ustna sluznica |
| mucus | if an explanation is considered necessary, consider a thick bodily fluid for lubrication and protection | sluz | če je razlaga potrebna, razmislite o uporabi izraza gosta telesna tekočina za mazanje in zaščito |
| multipli mielom; multiple myeloma | a cancer of the bone marrow | multipli mielom; diseminirani plazmocitom | rak kostnega mozga |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | a disease of the brain and spinal cord in which inflammation destroys the protective covering around nerves and damages the nerves | multipla skleroza | bolezen možganov in hrbtenjače, pri kateri vnetje uniči zaščitno ovojnico živcev in jih poškoduje |
| multiple sclerosis, primary progressive | gradual start of multiple sclerosis with steady worsening of the disease | multipla skleroza, primarno napredujoča | postopen začetek multiple skleroze z nenehnim slabšanjem bolezni |
| multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting | when the disease causes multiple sclerosis attacks (relapses) followed by periods with milder symptoms (remission) | multipla skleroza, recidivno-remitentna | bolezen povzroča zagone (recidive) multiple skleroze, ki jim sledijo obdobja z blažjimi simptomi (remisije) |
| multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive | when relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis steadily worsens without any improvement | multipla skleroza, sekundarno napredujoča | recidivno-remitentna multipla skleroza se nenehno slabša brez kakršnega koli izboljšanja |
| muscle relaxant | medicine used to relax muscles <including muscles that help the patient to breathe> | mišični relaksant | zdravilo, ki povzroči sproščanje mišic <vključno z mišicami, ki bolniku pomagajo pri dihanju> |
| muscular atrophy | see atrophy, muscular | mišična atrofija; atrofija mišic | glejte atrofija, mišična |
| musculoskeletal | relating to the muscles and bones | mišično-skeleten | nanašajoč se na mišičje in okostje |
| mutated | changed | mutiran | spremenjen |
| myalgia | substitute with muscle pain | mialgija | zamenjajte z bolečina v mišicah |
| myasthenia gravis | a disease, causing muscle weakness | miastenija gravis | bolezen, ki povzroča mišično oslabelost |
| myelin | protective covering of nerves | mielin | zaščitna ovojnica okoli živcev |
| myeloablative therapy | treatments that destroy the bone marrow | mieloablativna terapija | postopki, ki uničijo kostni mozeg |
| myelodysplastic syndromes | when the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells or platelets | mielodisplastični sindromi | kostni mozeg ne tvori dovolj zdravih krvnih celic ali trombocitov |
| myeloid | <of> <in> bone marrow | mieloičen | <iz> <v> kostnem mozgu |
| myeloproliferative diseases | <a slow-growing cancer with> production of too many blood cells of a particular type <that can cause blockages> | mieloproliferativne bolezni | <počasi rastoči rak s> tvorbo prevelikega števila krvnih celic določene vrste <kar lahko povzroči zamašitve> |
| myelosuppression | a condition in which the bone marrow cannot make enough blood cells | mielosupresija | stanje, pri katerem kostni mozeg ne more tvoriti dovolj krvnih celic |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack <because of blockage in blood supply to a part of the heart> | miokardni infarkt | srčna kap <zaradi prekinitve dotoka krvi v del srca> |
| myocarditis | inflammation of heart muscle | miokarditis | vnetje srčne mišice |
| myoclonic seizure | see seizure, myoclonic | mioklonični epileptični napad | glejte epileptični napad, mioklonični |
| myopathy | muscle disease causing weakness | miopatija | mišična bolezen, ki povzroča oslabelost (mišic) |
| myopia | nearsightedness or short-sightedness | kratkovidnost | kratkovidnost |
| myositis ossificans | abnormal bone growth in the muscle | osificirajoči miozitis | nenormalna tvorba kostnega tkiva v mišici |
| N | |||
| naevus / nevus | <mole> <visible area of skin damage> | nevus | <znamenje; lisa> <vidno območje nepravilnega razvoja kože> |
| naïve patients | do not use, but say patients who have not been treated before | bolniki, ki še niso bili zdravljeni | bolniki, ki še niso bili zdravljeni |
| nanobody | a small antibody | nanotelo | majhno protitelo; posebna oblika protitelesa |
| narcolepsy | a sleep disorder that causes a person to fall asleep suddenly and unexpectedly | narkolepsija | motnja spanja, zaradi katere oseba nenadoma in nepričakovano zaspi |
| narrow-angle glaucoma | see glaucoma, angle-closure | glavkom z ozkim zakotjem | glejte glavkom z zaprtim zakotjem |
| nasal congestion | a blocked nose | zamašenost nosu | zamašen nos |
| nasal polyps | growths in the lining of the nose | nosni polipi | izrastki ali tvorbe na sluznici nosu |
| nasogastric tube | a tube through the nose to the stomach | nazogastrična sonda | cevka, ki jo skozi nos vstavijo v želodec |
| nasopharyngitis | inflammation of the nose and throat | nazofaringitis | vnetje sluznice nosu in žrela |
| nausea | feeling sick | navzea | slabost in siljenje na bruhanje / občutek slabosti / slijenje na bruhanje |
| nebuliser | device to produce a mist <of the medicine> for the patient to breathe in <through a mask or mouthpiece> | nebulator | naprava za ustvarjanje aerosola / meglice <zdravila>, ki ga / jo pacient vdihava <preko maske ali ustnika> |
| necrosis | death of cells or tissue | nekroza | odmrtje celic ali tkiva |
| neoadjuvant treatment | preliminary treatment to shrink the <cancer> <tumour> | neoadjuvantno zdravljenje | predhodno zdravljenje za zmanjšanje <raka> <tumorja> |
| neonate | newborn baby | novorojenec / novorojenček | novorojenček |
| neonatologist | doctor specialising in treating newborn babies | neonatolog | zdravnik, specializiran za zdravljenje novorojenčkov |
| neoplasm | cancerous or non-cancerous growths | tumor | rakava ali nerakava rast tkiva |
| nephritis | kidney inflammation | nefritis | vnetje ledvic |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones | nefrolitiaza | ledvični kamni |
| nerve block | procedure to block sensation to a part of the body | živčni blok | poseg za blokiranje občutka na delu telesa |
| neuralgia | substitute with nerve pain | nevralgija | zamenjajte z bolečinami vzdolž živca |
| neuralgia, post- herpetic | long-lasting nerve burning pain that may occur after shingles | nevralgija, poherpetična | dolgotrajna, pekoča bolečina vzdolž živca, ki se lahko pojavi po pasovcu |
| neuroleptic malignant syndrome | a dangerous reaction with fever, rigid muscles, changing blood pressure and coma, usually caused by antipsychotic medicines | nevroleptični maligni sindrom | nevarna reakcija s povišano telesno temperaturo, otrdelimi mišicami, spremembami krvnega tlaka in komo, ki jo lahko povzročijo nekatera zdravila za zdravljenje duševnih motenj |
| neurological | relating to the brain or nerves | nevrološki | v zvezi z možgani ali živci |
| neuropathic pain | see pain, neuropathic | nevropatska bolečina | glejte razjeda, nevropatska |
| neuropathic ulcers | see ulcer, neuropathic | nevropatska razjeda | glejte bolečina, nevropatska |
| neuropathy | nerve damage | nevropatija | poškodbe živcev |
| neuropathy, peripheral | nerve damage in arms and legs <causing pain or numbness, burning and tingling> | nevropatija, periferna | poškodbe živcev v rokah in nogah <ki povzročajo bolečino ali otrplost, pekoč občutek in mravljinčenje> |
| neuropathy, peripheral motor | nerve damage causing difficulty with movement | nevropatija, periferna motorična | poškodbe živcev, ki povzročajo težave pri gibanju |
| neuropathy, sensory | nerve damage affecting sensation of pain, temperature and touch | nevropatija, senzorična | poškodbe živcev, ki vplivajo na občutek bolečine, temperature in dotika |
| neuropsychiatric disorders | disorders of the brain and nerves resulting in altered thinking or behaviour | nevropsihiatrična motnja | motnje možganov in živčevja, ki povzročijo spremenjeno mišljenje ali vedenje |
| neurosurgery | surgery on the nervous system, including the brain | nevrokirurgija | operacije živčevja, vključno z možgani |
| neurotransmitter | a substance that nerve cells use to communicate with neighbouring cells; | živčni prenašalec | snov, ki jo živčne celice uporabljajo za komunikacijo s sosednjimi celicami; |
| also consider a substance that relays signals from a nerve cell to another cell | razmislite tudi o uporabi izraza snov, ki prenaša signale z živčne celice na drugo celico | ||
| neutropenia | low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell <that fights infection> | nevtropenija | nizka raven nevtrofilcev, vrste belih krvnih celic, <ki se borijo proti okužbam> |
| neutropenia, febrile | low levels of white blood cells with fever <due to infection> | nevtropenija, febrilna | nizka raven belih krvnih celic s povišano telesno temperaturo <zaradi okužbe> |
| neutropenic | with low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell | nevtropeničen | z nizkimi ravnmi nevtrofilcev, vrste belih krvnih celic |
| neutropenic fever | see neutropenia, febrile | nevtropenična vročina | glejte nevtropenija, fibrilna |
| neutrophil | a type of white blood cell <that fights infection> | nevtrofilec | vrsta belih krvnih celic <ki se bori proti okužbi> |
| nocturia | need to pass urine at night | nikturija | potreba po uriniranju ponoči |
| nonclinical studies | use laboratory studies | neklinične študije | uporabite laboratorijske študije |
| non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | see lymphoma | ne-Hodgkinov limfom | glejte limfom |
| nosocomial | <infection> <disease> picked up in hospital | bolnišničen | <okužba> <bolezen> pridobljena v bolnišnici |
| O | |||
| obesity | being very overweight | debelost | čezmerna telesna masa |
| observational studies | studies looking at the effects of medicines as they are used by patients in a real-life setting | opazovalne študije | študije, ki preučujejo učinke zdravil, ki jih bolniki uporabljajo v dejanskem življenju |
| obstructive sleep apnoea (syndrome) | see apnoea, obstructive sleep | obstruktivna spalna apneja (sindrom) | glejte apneja, obstruktivna spalna |
| ocular | of eye | očesni | očesni |
| ocular hyperaemia | see hyperaemia, ocular | očesna hiperemija | glejte hiperemija, očesna |
| ocular hypertension | see hypertension, ocular | očesna hipertenzija | glejte hipertenzija, očesna |
| oedema | swelling; consider fluid retention | edem | oteklina; razmislite o uporabi izraza nabiranje tekočine |
| oedema, cerebral | swelling in the brain | edem, možganski | oteklina možganov |
| oedema, macular | swelling in the macula, the central part of the retina at the back of the eye | edem, makularni | oteklina v področju rumene pege, osrednjem delu mrežnice na zadnji strani očesa |
| oedema, periorbital | puffy eyes | edem, periorbitalni | oteklina okoli oči |
| oedema, peripheral | swelling especially of the ankles and feet <due to fluid retention> | edem, periferni | oteklina predvsem gležnjev in stopal <zaradi nabiranja tekočine> |
| oesophageal | relating to the <gullet> <foodpipe> <tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach> | ezofagealen | ki se nanaša na <požiralnik> <del prebavne cevi, ki vodi od žrela do želodca> |
| oesophageal stenosis | see stenosis | ezofagealna stenoza | glejte stenoza |
| oesophagitis | inflammation of the <foodpipe> <tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach> | ezofagitis | vnetje požiralnika <dela prebavne cevi, ki vodi od žrela do želodca> |
| oesophagus | the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach | požiralnik | požiralnik; <cev, ki vodi od žrela do želodca> |
| oestrogen | a female sex hormone | estrogen | ženski spolni hormon |
| oestrogen-receptor negative tumour | where the cancer cells do not have receptors for the hormone oestrogen on their surface | tumor z negativnimi estrogenskimi receptorji | kadar rakave celice na svoji površini nimajo receptorjev za hormon estrogen |
| oestrogen-receptor positive | where the cancer cells have receptors for the hormone oestrogen on their surface | tumor s pozitivnimi estrogenskimi receptorji | kadar imajo rakave celice na svoji površini receptorje za hormon estrogen |
| oligo-ovulatory | rarely produces eggs | oligo-ovulatoren | <jajčnik> redko proizvaja jajčeca |
| oliguria | low urine output | oligurija | zmanjšana tvorba urina |
| oncologist | cancer specialist | onkolog | zdravnik specialist za onkologijo |
| opacity | substitute with clouding | motnjava | zamenjajte z motnost / motnjava |
| open-angle glaucoma | see glaucoma, open-angle | glavkom z odprtim zakotjem | glejte glavkom z odprtim zakotjem |
| ophthalmologist | eye specialist | oftalmolog / okulist | zdravnik specialist za okulistiko |
| opioid | a <painkiller><medicine> that is related to morphine | opioid | <zdravilo proti bolečinam>, ki je sorodno morfinu |
| opportunistic infection | infection seen in patients with a weakened immune system | oportunistična okužba | okužba pri bolnikih z oslabljenim imunskim sistemom |
| optic nerve | the nerve that sends signals from the eye to the brain | vidni živec | živec, ki pošilja signale iz očesa v možgane |
| oral mucositis | see mucositis, oral | vnetje ustne sluznice | glejte vnetje ustne sluznice |
| orodispersible | that dissolves in the mouth | orodisperzibilen | ki se raztopi v ustih |
| oropharynx (oropharyngeal) | mouth and throat | orofarinks (orofaringealen) | nanašajoč se na usta in žrelo |
| orphan medicine | a medicine used in rare diseases | zdravilo sirota | zdravilo, ki se uporablja pri redkih boleznih |
| orthopaedic | relating to the bones | ortopedski | nanašajoč se na kosti |
| orthostatic | on standing or sitting up | ortostatski | nanašajoč se na pokončni položaj telesa |
| orthostatic hypotension | see hypotension, postural | ortostatska hipotenzija | glejte hipotenzij,a ortostatska |
| ossification | bone formation | osifikacija | nastajanje kosti / kostnega tkiva |
| osteoarthritis | swelling and pain in the joints | osteoartritis | oteklina in bolečina v sklepih |
| osteoblasts | bone-forming cells | osteoblasti | celice, ki tvorijo kosti |
| osteoclasts | cells that are involved in breaking down the bone tissue | osteoklasti | celice, ki sodelujejo pri razgradnji kostnega tkiva |
| osteomalacia | a condition in which bones become soft and deformed | osteomalacija | stanje, pri katerem postanejo kosti mehke in deformirane |
| osteomyelitis | bone infection | osteomielitis | okužba kosti |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone tissue | osteonekroza | odmrtje kosti / kostnega tkiva |
| osteopenia | reduction in bone strength | osteopenija | zmanjšanje trdnosti kosti |
| osteoporosis | a disease that makes bones fragile | osteoporoza | bolezen, zaradi katere postanejo kosti krhke |
| otitis media | infection of the middle ear | otitis media; vnetje srednjega ušesa | vnetje srednjega ušesa |
| ovalbumin | a protein in egg white | ovalbumin | beljakovina v jajčnem beljaku |
| ovarian cysts | sacs of fluid within the ovaries | ovarijska cista | votlina s tekočino v jajčnikih |
| ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome | when the ovaries over-respond to treatment <causing nausea, weight gain and diarrhoea> | sindrom hiperstimulacije jajčnikov | zaplet, pri katerem se jajčniki pretirano odzivajo na hormonsko zdravljenje <neplodnosti> <kar povzroči slabost, drisko in povečanje telesne mase> |
| ovarian stimulation | fertility treatment where the ovaries are stimulated to release more eggs | stimulacija jajčnikov | zdravljenje neplodnosti, pri katerem se jajčnike spodbudi k sproščanju večjega števila jajčec |
| ovulation | the release of eggs <during the menstrual cycle> | ovulacija | sprostitev jajčec <med menstruacijskim ciklusom> |
| oxygen saturation | a measure of oxygen levels in the blood | nasičenost s kisikom / saturacija s kisikom | merilo ravni kisika v krvi |
| P | |||
| paediatrician | doctor specialised in the treatment of children | pediater | zdravnik specialist za zdravljenje otrok |
| Paget’s disease | a disease involving bone destruction and regrowth, which causes deformity | Pagetova bolezen | bolezen, ki vključuje razgradnjo in ponovno rast kosti, kar povzroči deformacijo |
| pain, neuropathic | pain due to nerve damage | bolečina, nevropatska | bolečina zaradi poškodbe živcev |
| palliative | relieving symptoms | paliativen | lajšanje simptomov |
| palliative care | treatment of the symptoms of a disease that is not intended to lead to cure | paliativna oskrba | lajšanje simptomov bolezni, ki je neozdravljiva / lajšanje simptomov neozdravljive bolezni |
| palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome | see hand foot syndrome | sindrom palmarno-plantarne eritrodisestezije | glejte sinfrom roka-noga |
| palpitations | a forceful heartbeat that may be rapid or irregular | palpitacije | močan srčni utrip, ki je lahko hiter ali nepravilen |
| palsy | paralysis with weakness and shaking | pareza | pareza / omrtvelost <s šibkostjo in tresenjem> |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas <causing severe pain in the belly and back> | pankreatitis | vnetje trebušne slinavke <povzroča hude bolečine v trebuhu in hrbtu> |
| pancytopenia | <low levels of blood cells> or <low levels of all types of blood cells <including platelets>> | pancitopenija | <nizka raven krvnih celic> ali <nizka raven vseh vrst krvnih celic <vključno s trombociti>> |
| pandemic | when a disease spreads to a large number of people in many countries worldwide | pandemija | kadar se bolezen razširi na veliko število ljudi v mnogih državah po svetu |
| papillomaviruses | viruses that cause warts and abnormal tissue growth | papilomavirusi | virusi, ki povzročajo bradavice in nenormalno rast tkiva |
| paraesthesia | sensations like numbness, tingling, pins and needles | parestezija | občutki, kot so otrplost, ščemenje, zbadanje |
| parathyroid glands | glands that secrete the hormone that controls blood calcium levels | obščitnične železe | žleze, ki izločajo hormon za nadzor ravni kalcija v krvi |
| Parkinson’s disease | a progressive brain disease that causes shaking and muscle stiffness and slows movement | Parkinsonova bolezen | napredujoča možganska bolezen, ki povzroča tresenje in okorelost mišic ter upočasnjuje gibanje |
| parkinsonism | effects similar to Parkinson’s disease such as shaking, muscle stiffness and slow movement | parkinsonizem | učinki, podobni Parkinsonovi bolezni, kot so tresenje, okorelost mišic in počasno gibanje |
| paronychia | nail bed infection | zanohtnica | vnetje obnohtja |
| partial<-onset> seizure <with <or without>secondary generalisation> | see seizure, partial<-onset> <with <or without> secondary generalisation> | delni<napad> napad <z <ali brez>sekundarne generalizacije> | glejte epileptični napad, delni (parcialni) |
| patent ductus arteriosus | see ductus arteriosus, patent | odprt arteriozni duktus | glejte arteriozni duktus, odprti |
| patient-year | the equivalent of one patient taking the medicine for one year | bolnikov-let (za izražanje števila dogodkov na bolnika na leto; v statistiki: ”število dogodkov na bolnikov-let”) | enakovredno enemu bolniku, ki jemlje zdravilo eno leto |
| peak expiratory flow | the maximum speed a person can breathe out | največji pretok zraka pri izdihu | največja hitrost, s katero lahko človek izdihne zrak |
| pedal arteries | avoid; say ‘arteries that supply blood to the feet’ | stopalne arterije | izognite se izrazu; uporabite izraz arterije, ki s krvjo oskrbujejo stopala |
| PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) | a feeding tube inserted through the skin into the stomach; see also gastrostomy | PEG (perkutana endoskopska gastrostoma) | cevka za hranjenje, vstavljena v želodec skozi kožo; glejte tudi gastrostoma |
| pegylated | attached to a chemical called polyethylene glycol | pegiliran | vezan na kemijsko snov, imenovano polietilenglikol |
| pegylated liposomes | tiny fatty spheres that are <coated with> <attached to> a chemical called polyethylene glycol | pegilirani liposomi | drobne maščobne kroglice, ki so <prevlečene z> <pritrjene na> kemijsko snov, imenovano polietilenglikol |
| pelvic | lower abdominal | medeničen | v spodnjem delu trebuha |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | a type of infection of the upper part of the female genital tract | medenična vnetna bolezen | vrsta okužbe <zgornjega dela ženskih spolovil><maternice, jajcevodov, jajčnikov> |
| peptic ulcer disease | ulcers in the stomach or the duodenum | peptični ulkus | razjede v želodcu ali dvanajstniku |
| peptide | a short chain of amino acids | peptid | kratka veriga aminokislin |
| percutaneous coronary intervention | a procedure that unblocks blood vessels of the heart to restore its blood supply | perkutani koronarni poseg | poseg, ki odmaši krvne žile srca, da se ponovno vzpostavi oskrba s krvjo |
| percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy | see PEG | perkutana endoskopska gastrostom | glejte PEG |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) | surgical procedure that is used to unblock narrowed coronary arteries | perkutana transluminalna koronarna angioplastika (PTCA) | poseg, ki se uporablja za odmašitev zoženih koronarnih arterij |
| perennial | occurs throughout the year | stalen | pojavlja se skozi vse leto |
| performance status | a rating of how well a patient is (adapt as necessary) | vrednotenje stanja pacienta | ocena, kako se bolnik počuti (po potrebi prilagodite) |
| perfusion | blood circulation <through an organ> | perfuzija | pretok krvi <skozi organ>; prekrvljenost <organa> |
| pericardial disease | disease of the membrane around the heart | bolezni perikarda | bolezni osrčnika |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane around the heart | perikarditis | vnetje osrčnika |
| periocular infections | infections around the eyes | periokularne okužbe | okužbe okoli oči |
| periorbital oedema | see oedema, periorbital | periorbitalni edem | glejte edem, periorbitalni |
| peripheral neuropathy | see neuropathy, peripheral | periferna nevropatija | glejte nevropatija, periferna |
| peripheral arterial disease | see artery disease, peripheral | periferna arterijska bolezen | glejte arterijska bolezen, periferna |
| peripheral motor neuropathy | see neuropathy, peripheral motor | nevropatija, periferna motorična | glejte nevropatija, periferna motorična |
| peripheral oedema | see oedema, peripheral | periferni edem | glejte edem, periferni |
| peritoneal cavity | the area of the belly that contains the intestines | peritonealna votlina / potrebušnična votlina | predel trebuha, ki vsebuje črevesje |
| peritoneal dialysis | see dialysis, peritoneal | peritonealna dializa | glejte dializa, peritonealna |
| peritoneum | the membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal (belly) cavity | peritonej | mrena, ki pokriva stene abdominalne (trebušne) votline |
| pertussis | whooping cough | oslovski kašelj | oslovski kašelj |
| petechiae | tiny blood spots under the skin | petehija | drobna pikčasta podkožna krvavitev |
| phaeochromocytoma | a tumour of the adrenal gland | feokromocitom | tumor nadledvične žleze |
| phagocytes | specialised ‘scavenger’ cells of the immune system | fagociti | specializirane celice imunskega sistema, ki zaznajo in požirajo tujke v telesu |
| pharmacodynamics | a medicine’s effects in the body | farmakodinamika | učinki zdravila na telo |
| pharmacokinetics | how a medicine is absorbed, modified and removed from the body | farmakokinetika | kako se zdravilo absorbira, presnovi in odstrani iz telesa |
| pharyngitis | sore throat | faringitis | vneto žrelo |
| Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) | this means that some of the patient’s genes have rearranged themselves to form a special chromosome called the Philadelphia chromosome. This chromosome produces an enzyme that leads to the development of leukaemia | s prisotnim kromosomom Philadelphia (Ph+) | to pomeni, da so se nekateri bolnikovi geni prerazporedili v poseben kromosom, imenovan filadelfijski kromosom. Ta kromosom proizvaja encim, ki vodi v razvoj levkemije |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein | flebitis | vnetje vene |
| phlebotomy | removal of some of the blood from the body | flebotomija | odstranitev dela krvi iz telesa |
| phosphenes (luminous phenomena) | a temporary brightness in the field of vision | fosfeni (pojavi svetlikanja) | zaznavanje svetlobnih pojavov pri zaprtih očeh <, ki so posledica draženja mrežnice>; prehodna povečana svetlost v vidnem polju |
| photodynamic therapy | treatment in which a medicine is ‘switched on’ by <a special type of> light | fotodinamična terapija | zdravljenje, pri katerem se zdravilo aktivira s <posebno vrsto> svetlobe |
| photophobia | abnormal sensitivity of the eyes to light | fotofobija | nenormalna občutljivost oči za svetlobo |
| photopsia | flashes of light in the field of vision | fotopsija | svetlobni bliski v vidnem polju |
| photosensitising agent | a medicine ‘switched on’ by <a special type of> light <and used for photodynamic therapy> | fotosenzibilizator | zdravilo, ki se aktivira s <posebno vrsto> svetlobe <in se uporablja za fotodinamično terapijo> |
| photosensitivity reactions | sunburn-like reactions (following exposure to light) | fotosenzitivne reakcije | sončnim opeklinam podobne reakcije (po izpostavljenosti svetlobi) |
| pigmentation | colouring of the skin, hair and eyes | pigmentacija | obarvanost kože, las in oči |
| pituitary gland | a gland <at the base of the brain> that controls many other hormone-producing glands in the body | hipofiza | žleza <v možganih>, ki uravnava delovanje številnih drugih žlez v telesu, ki proizvajajo hormone |
| placebo | dummy treatment | placebo | placebo / navidezno zdravilo |
| plaque psoriasis | see psoriasis | psoriaza v plakih / luskavica v plakih | glejte psoriaza |
| plasma | the liquid part of the blood or the part of the blood left when the blood cells are removed | plazma | tekoči del krvi ali del krvi, ki ostane po odstranitvi krvnih celic |
| plasma exchange | a procedure to remove <unwanted> <substances> <antibodies> from plasma (the liquid part of the blood) <by replacing the patient’s plasma with plasma from a donor> | izmenjava plazme | postopek za odstranitev <neželenih> <snovi> <protiteles> iz plazme (tekoči del krvi) <z zamenjavo pacientove plazme s plazmo darovalca> |
| plasmapheresis | see plasma exchange | plazmafereza | glejte izmenjava plazme |
| plasmin | an enzyme that breaks up clots <and helps restore the normal blood flow to the heart> | plazmin | encim, ki razgrajuje strdke <in pomaga obnoviti normalen pretok krvi v srce> |
| platelet aggregation | platelets clumping together <which can lead to a blood clot> | agregacija trombocitov | krvne ploščice / trombociti se zlepijo skupaj <kar lahko vodi do krvnega strdka> |
| platelets | components that help the blood to clot | trombociti | krvne celice, ki pomagajo pri strjevanju krvi |
| pleural effusion | fluid around the lungs | plevralni izliv | nabiranje tekočine okoli pljuč |
| pleuritic pain | a type of chest pain | plevralna bolečina | vrsta bolečine v prsih |
| pneumonia | infection of the lungs | pljučnica | vnetje pljuč zaradi okužbe |
| pneumonitis | inflammation in the lungs <causing shortness of breath and cough> | pnevmonitis | vnetje pljuč <ki povzroča kratko sapo in kašelj> |
| pneumonitis, hypersensitivity | inflammation in the lungs due to an allergy <causing shortness of breath and cough> | pljučnica, preobčutljivost | vnetje pljuč zaradi alergije <ki povzroča kratko sapo in kašelj> |
| poliomyelitis | use polio | poliomielitis | otroška paraliza |
| pollakiuria | abnormally frequent urination | polakisurija | nenormalno pogosto uiniranje |
| polyuria | increase in urine production | poliurija | povečanje količine urina |
| porphyria | an inability to break down chemicals called porphyrins | porfirija | nezmožnost razgradnje snovi, imenovanih porfirini |
| portal vein | vein leading to the liver | jetrna vena | vena, ki vodi do jeter |
| posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) | brain swelling with <usually temporary effects such as> headache, changes in vision, reduced consciousness and seizures | sindrom posteriorne reverzibilne encefalopatije | otekanje možganov z <navadno prehodnimi učinki, kot so> glavobol, spremembe vida, zmanjšana zavest in epileptični napadi |
| post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) | see neuralgia, post-herpetic | poherpetična nevralgija | glejte nevralgija, poherpetična |
| postmenopausal women | women who have been through the menopause | ženske po menopavzi | ženske po menopavzi |
| postpartum | after childbirth | poporoden | po porodu |
| postural hypotension | see hypotension, postural | posturalna hipotenzija | glejte hipotenzija, posturalna |
| precancerous lesions | abnormal cells that could develop into cancer | prekancerozne / predrakave lezije | nenormalne celice, ki se lahko razvijejo v rak |
| preclinical studies | use laboratory studies | predklinične raziskave | uporabite laboratorijske raziskave |
| preprandially | substitute with before meals | predprandialno | zamenjajte z pred obroki |
| PRES | see posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome | PRES | glejte sindrom posteriorne reverzibilne encefalopatije |
| preterm | substitute with premature | nedonošenček | nedonošenček |
| prevalence | the number of people with the disease | prevalenca | število bolnikov z določeno boleznijo <v populaciji> |
| primary hypercholesterolaemia | see hypercholesterolaemia, primary | primarna hiperholesterolemija | glejte hiperholesterolemija, primarna |
| primary immunodeficiency syndrome | see immunodeficiency disorder, primary | sindrom primarne imunske pomanjkljivosti | glejte sindrom imunske pomanjkljivosti, primarni |
| primary insomnia | see insomnia, primary | primarna nespečnost | glejte nespečnost, primarna |
| proctalgia | anal pain | proktalgija | analna bolečina |
| prodrug | a medicine that is converted to an active form in the body | predzdravilo | zdravilo, ki se v telesu pretvori v aktivno obliko |
| progression (disease) | getting worse | napredovanje (bolezni) | slabšanje (bolezni) |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) | a rare but serious <viral> brain infection <with symptoms similar to those of a multiple sclerosis attack> | progresivna multifokalna levkoencefalopatija (PML) | redka, vendar resna <virusna> okužba možganov <s simptomi, podobnimi napadu multiple skleroze> |
| prolonged release | the active substance is released slowly <from the tablet> over a few <weeks / days/hours> <after being injected> | s podaljšanim sproščanjem | učinkovina se <iz tablete> sprošča počasi v nekaj <tednih / dneh / urah> <po injiciranju> |
| prophylaxis | prevention | profilaksa | preventiva |
| prostate | gland that produces fluid which nourishes and carries sperm | prostata | žleza, ki proizvaja del semenske tekočine in pomaga pri prenosu semenčic |
| proteasome | a system within cells that breaks down proteins when they are no longer needed | proteasom | sistem znotraj celic, ki razgrajuje beljakovine, kadar te niso več potrebne |
| proteinuria | excess protein in the urine | proteinurija | beljakovine v urinu |
| pruritus | substitute with itching | srbež | zamenjajte z srbenje |
| psoriasis | <a> <an inflammatory> disease causing red, scaly patches on the skin | psoriaza | <vnetna> bolezen, ki povzroča rdeče, luskaste lise na koži |
| psoriatic arthritis | a disease causing inflammation in the joints in combination with psoriasis | psoriazni artritis | bolezen, ki povzroča vnetje sklepov pri bolnikih s psoriazo |
| psychomotor hyperactivity | restlessness | psihomotorična hiperaktivnost | nemirnost |
| psychosis | altered sense of reality | psihoza | spremenjen občutek realnosti |
| pulmonary (arterial) hypertension | high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs; consider (for brevity and if appropriate) high blood pressure in the lungs | pljučna (arterijska) hipertenzija | visok krvni tlak v pljučnih arterijah; če je primerno, razmislite o uporabi krajšega izraza visok krvni tlak v pljučih |
| pulmonary artery | the blood vessel that leads from the heart to the lungs | pljučna arterija | krvna žila, ki vodi od srca do pljuč |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | clot in a blood vessel in the lungs <which can cause chest pain, breathlessness and fainting> | pljučna embolija (PE) | strdek v pljučni krvni žili <ki lahko povzroči bolečine v prsih, težko dihanje in omedlevico> |
| pulmonary fibrosis | see fibrosis, pulmonary | pljučna fibroza | glejte fibroza, pljučna |
| pulmonary nodule | a small <area of damage> <lump> in the lungs | pljučni nodul | majhno <poškodovano področje> <vozlič> v pljučih |
| punctate keratitis | spots of inflammation in the cornea | pikčasti keratitis | pikčasto vnetje na roženici <prosojnem, sprednjem delu očesa> |
| pure red cell aplasia | a condition in which no red blood cells are produced | čista aplazija rdečih krvnih celic | stanje, pri katerem se rdeče krvne celice ne tvorijo |
| purpura | purple patches like bruising | purpura | rdečkasto obarvane drobne lise in pike na koži, ki nastanejo zaradi majhnih krvavitev v koži |
| pustulation | blisters | pustulacija / razvoj pustul | gnojni mehurček |
| pyelonephritis | kidney infection | pielonefritis | okužba ledvic |
| pyrexia | substitute with fever | pireksija / povišana telesna temperatura | zamenjajte z vročina |
| Q | |||
| QT interval | a measure of the heart’s electrical activity | interval QT | merilo električne aktivnosti srca |
| QT<c> prolongation | abnormal electrical activity of the heart that affects its rhythm | podaljšanje intervala QT<c> | nenormalna električna aktivnost srca, ki vpliva na njegov ritem |
| R | |||
| radiofrequency ablation | see ablation, radiofrequency | radiofrekvenčna ablacija | glejte ablacija, radiofrekvenčna |
| radiolabelling | where a radioactive tag is attached to a substance | radioaktivno označevanje | snov, na katero je pritrjena radioaktivna oznaka |
| radiotherapy | treatment with radiation | radioterapija | zdravljenje z obsevanjem |
| Raynaud’s disease (phenomenon, syndrome) | severe narrowing of blood vessels in the cold <with skin turning white or blue> | Raynaudova bolezen (fenomen, sindrom) | močno zoženje krvnih žil na mrazu <ki se kaže z bledo ali modrikasto kožo> |
| receptor | when used in mechanism of action consider saying receptor (target) | receptor | če se uporablja pri opisu mehanizma delovanja, razmislite o uporabi izraza receptor (tarča) |
| rectum | the lowest part of the gut <that stores faeces> | rektum / danka | najnižji del črevesja <ki zadržuje blato> |
| recurrence | when <symptoms / the disease> come(s) back <after treatment> | ponovitev | <simptomi / bolezen> se vrne(jo) <po zdravljenju> |
| recurrent | <has come back / keeps coming back> <after previous treatment> | ponavljajoče se | <se je vrnil / se vrača> <po prejšnjem zdravljenju> |
| refractory | when treatment does not work | neodziven | zdravljenje ne deluje |
| registry (patient or disease) | ongoing collection of information about <a specific group of> patients affected by a particular condition | register (bolnikov ali bolezni) | stalno zbiranje informacij o <določeni skupini> bolnikov, ki jih prizadene določeno stanje |
| relapse | when <symptoms / the disease> come(s) back <after treatment> | relaps | <simptomi / bolezen> se vrne(jo) <po zdravljenju> |
| relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | see multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting | recidivno-remitentna multipla skleroza | glejte multipla skleroza, recidivno-remitentna |
| remission | a period without disease symptoms after treatment | remisija | obdobje brez simptomov bolezni po zdravljenju |
| renal | do not use; write kidney | ledvičen / renalen | uporabljajte ledvičen |
| renal failure | inability of the kidneys to work properly | ledvična odpoved | ledvice ne delujejo pravilno |
| renal failure, chronic | long-term, progressive decrease in the kidneys’ ability to work properly | ledvična odpoved, kronična | dolgotrajno, napredujoče zmanjšanje sposobnosti ledvic, da bi delovale pravilno |
| renal impairment | reduced kidney function | ledvična okvara | zmanjšano delovanje ledvic |
| resistant (treatment) | when treatment does not work | odporen (na zdravljenje) | kadar zdravljenje ne deluje |
| respiratory depression | when breathing is too slow and shallow | depresija dihanja / respiratorna depresija | kadar je dihanje prepočasno in plitko |
| respiratory failure | inability of the lungs <to work properly><to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide properly> | zastoj dihanja | nezmožnost pljuč <da bi pravilno delovala><da bi sprejemala kisik in pravilno izločala ogljikov dioksid> |
| respiratory insufficiency | difficulty breathing | respiratorna insuficienca | težko dihanje |
| respiratory system | lungs and airways | dihala | pljuča in dihalne poti |
| respiratory tract congestion | blocked airways | kongestija dihalnih poti | zamašene dihalne poti |
| respiratory tract infection | Infection of the airways | okužba dihalnih poti | okužba dihalnih poti |
| response | improvement related to treatment | odgovor | izboljšanje, povezano z zdravljenjem |
| restless legs syndrome | a disorder where the patient has uncontrollable urges to move the legs to stop uncomfortable, painful or odd sensations, usually at night | sindrom nemirnih nog | motnja, pri kateri ima bolnik nenadzorovano željo po premikanju nog, da bi prenehali neprijetni, boleči ali nenavadni občutki, navadno ponoči |
| reticulocytopenia | low levels of reticulocytes, a type of immature red blood cell | retikulocitopenija | nizka raven retikulocitov, vrste nezrelih rdečih krvnih celic |
| retina | the light sensitive membrane at the back of the eye | mrežnica | na svetlobo občutljiva membrana membrana na zadnji strani očesa |
| retinopathy | damage to the retina | retinopatija | poškodbe mrežnice |
| revascularisation | restoration of blood flow | revaskularizacija | ponovna vzpostavitev krvnega obtoka |
| reverse transcriptase | an enzyme produced by <virus> that allows it to infect cells in the body and make more viruses | reverzna transkriptaza | encim, ki ga proizvaja <virus> in mu omogoča, da okuži celice v telesu in ustvari več virusov |
| rhabdomyolysis | breakdown of muscles often leading to kidney damage | rabdomioliza | razpad mišic, ki pogosto povzroči poškodbe ledvic |
| rheumatoid arthritis | a disease with painful swelling and damage of joints <caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells> | revmatoidni artritis | bolezen s poškodovanimi, bolečimi in otečenimi sklepi, <zaradi napačne zaznave imunskega sistema in napada na zdrave celice> |
| rhinitis | stuffy and runny nose | rinitis | vnetje nosne sluznice z zamašenim nosom in izcedkom iz nosu |
| rhinitis, allergic | stuffy and runny nose <with inflammation> caused by an allergy <e.g. hay fever or dust-mite allergy> | rinitis, alergijski | vnetje nosne sluznice z zamašenim nosom in izcedkom iz nosu zaradi alergije <npr. seneni nahod ali alergija na pršice> |
| rhinorrhoea | substitute with runny nose | rinoreja | zamenjajte z izcejanje iz nosu |
| ribosome | the parts of the cell that produce proteins | ribosom | del celice, ki proizvaja beljakovine |
| rigors | shaking chills | mrzlica | mrzlica z drgetanjem |
| RNA | genetic material <instructions for producing proteins> | RNK | dedna snov; genetski material; <navodila za tvorbo beljakovin> |
| rotavirus | a virus that causes gastroenteritis | rotavirus | virus, ki povzroča gastroenteritis |
| rubella | German measles | rdečke | rdečke |
| S | |||
| saccadic (eye movements) | rapid eye movements | sunkovito premikanje zrkel | hitri gibi zrkel |
| skleroderma | hardening of the skin and connective tissue around internal organs | sklerodermija | otrdelost kože in vezivnega tkiva okoli notranjih organov |
| sclerosis, systemic | see scleroderma | skleroza, sistemska | glejte sklerodermija |
| seasonal allergic conjunctivitis | inflammation of the eyes caused by pollen in patients with hay fever | sezonski alergijski konjunktivitis | vnetje oči zaradi cvetnega prahu pri bolnikih s senenim nahodom |
| seasonal allergic rhinitis | hay fever | sezonski alergijski rinitis | seneni nahod |
| secondary progressive multiple sclerosis | see multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive | sekundarno napredujoča multipla skleroza | glejte multipla skleroza, sekundarno napredujoča |
| sedation | <calming effect> <induce sleepiness> | sedacija | <učinkuje pomirjevalno> <povzroči zaspanost> |
| seizure | use seizure; do not use fit | epileptični napad | epileptični napad |
| seizure, absence | a type of seizure during which a person has a blank stare but is partly aware of surroundings | epileptični napad z absencami | vrsta epileptičnega napada, med katerim oseba zre v prazno, a se delno zaveda okolice |
| seizure, atonic | a type of seizure with very brief loss of muscle control and reduced consciousness | epileptični napad, atoničen | vrsta epileptičnega napada z zelo kratko izgubo nadzora nad mišicami in zmanjšano zavestjo |
| seizure, atypical absence | a type of seizure during which a person has a blank stare <possibly losing awareness of surroundings> | epileptični napad, atipičen z absencami | vrsta epileptičnega napada, med katerim oseba zre v prazno, <morda se ne zaveda okolice> |
| seizure, generalised | seizure affecting most or all of the brain | epileptični napad, generaliziran | epileptični napad, ki prizadene večino ali celotne možgane |
| seizure, myoclonic | short, shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles <with <or without> secondary generalisation> | epileptični napad, miokloničen | kratki, sunkom podobni trzljaji mišice ali skupine mišic <z <ali brez> sekundarne generalizacije> |
| seizure, partial<-onset> | epileptic seizure starting in one specific part of the brain <secondary generalisation is when the seizure then spreads to the whole brain> | epileptični napad, žariščen | epileptični napad, ki se začne v določenem delu možganov <sekundarna generalizacija nastopi, ko se napad razširi na celotne možgane> |
| seizure, tonic | brief seizure with muscle contraction | epileptični napad, toničen-atoničen | kratek napad s krčenjem mišic |
| seizure, tonic-atonic | a type of seizure that often involves the patient falling to the floor | epileptični napad, toničen-atoničen | vrsta napada, pri katerem bolnik pogosto pade na tla |
| seizure, tonic-clonic | major seizure, including loss of consciousness | epileptični napad, tonično-kloničen | hud napad, ki vključuje izgubo zavesti |
| sensitivity (of disease) | when a condition is treatable by a <medicine> <group of medicines> | občutljivost (bolezni) | kadar je stanje možno zdraviti z <zdravilom> <skupino zdravil> |
| sensitivity (test) | a measure of how well a test can detect those who have a <disease> <condition> | občutljivost (test) | merilo, kako uspešno lahko test odkrije osebe, ki imajo <bolezen> <stanje> |
| sensory neuropathy | see neuropathy, sensory | senzorna nevropatija | glejte nevropatija, senzorna |
| sepsis | <when bacteria and their toxins circulate in the blood leading to organ damage><blood poisoning> | sepsa | <kadar bakterije in njihovi toksini krožijo po krvi, kar povzroči poškodbe organov><zastrupitev krvi> |
| septic shock | a dangerous drop in blood pressure caused by severe infection | septični šok | nevaren padec krvnega tlaka zaradi hude okužbe |
| septicaemia | blood poisoning | septikemija | zastrupitev krvi |
| seroconversion | development of antibodies <(proteins in the body’s defence system)> against a specific target | serokonverzija | razvoj protiteles <(beljakovine v obrambnem sistemu telesa)> proti določeni tarči |
| serum sickness | allergic reaction to injected proteins <and blood products> <with fever, rash, joint pain, digestive system problems and headache> | serumska bolezen | alergijska reakcija na injicirane beljakovine <in krvne pripravke> <z vročino, izpuščajem, bolečinami v sklepih, težavami s prebavnim sistemom in glavobolom> |
| shingles | a painful, blistering rash in one part of the body | pasovec / herpes zoster / zoster | boleč, mehurjast izpuščaj na delu telesa |
| shock | a steep fall in blood pressure | šok | izrazit padec krvnega tlaka |
| sinus node | the ‘pacemaker’ for the heart that controls the heart contractions and regulates heart rate | sinusni vozel / nodus | naravni srčni “spodbujevalnik”, ki nadzira krčenje srca in uravnava srčni utrip |
| sinus rhythm | normal heartbeat | sinusni ritem | normalen srčni utrip |
| sinuses | air-filled passageways in the bones around the nose and eyes | sinusi | z zrakom napolnjene votline v kosteh okoli nosu in oči |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses | sinuzitis | vnetje sinusov |
| sleep apnoea | see apnoea, sleep | spalna apneja | glejte apneja, spalna |
| sleep latency | the length of time taken to fall asleep | latenca spanja | čas, potreben za uspavanje |
| slit lamp | an instrument used by eye specialists to look into the eye | špranjska svetilka | instrument, ki ga okulisti uporabljajo za pregled očesa |
| soft tissues | tissues just below the skin | mehka tkiva | tkiva tik pod kožo |
| somnolence | sleepiness | somnolenca | zaspanost |
| spasticity | continuously stiffened muscles | spastičnost | neprekinjeno toge mišice |
| specificity (test) | a measure of how well a test can distinguish people with a condition from those who don’t have it | specifičnost (test) | merilo, kako uspešno test razlikuje med ljudmi z boleznijo in zdravilmi ljudmi |
| splenomegaly | enlarged spleen | splenomegalija | povečanost vranice |
| sputum | phlegm | izpljunek | izpljunek |
| ST segment elevation | an abnormal reading on the electrocardiogram (ECG) | dvig spojnice ST | nenormalen odčitek na elektrokardiogramu (EKG) |
| stable angina pectoris | see angina pectoris | stabilna angina pektoris | glejte angina pectoris |
| standard of care | treatment that medical experts consider most appropriate | standard oskrbe | najprimernejše zdravljenje po mnenju medicinskih strokovnjakov |
| statin | the standard type of medicine used to reduce cholesterol | statin | vrsta zdravil za zniževanje holesterola |
| status epilepticus | an epileptic seizure, or series of seizures, lasting longer than 5 minutes | epileptični status | epileptični napad ali ponavljajoči se epileptični napadi, ki trajajo več kot 5 minut |
| stem cell transplant | see haematopoietic (blood) stem cell transplantation | presaditev matičnih celic | glejte presaditev hematopoetskih (krvnih) matičnih celic |
| stem cells (haematopoietic stem cells) | cells that can develop into different types of (blood) cells | matične celice (hematopoetske matične celice) | celice, ki se lahko razvijejo v različne vrste (krvnih) celic |
| stenosis | narrowing of a <body passage> <blood vessel> | stenoza | zoženost <telesnega prehoda> <krvne žile> |
| stenosis, aortic | narrowing of the aorta | stenoza, aortna | zoženost aorte |
| stent | a short tube placed in an artery to prevent it closing up | >žilna<>mrežna<opornica; stent | kratka cevka, ki se vstavi v zoženo žilo, da prepreči njeno zapiranje |
| steroid | preferably use corticosteroid except where glucocorticoid needs to be distinguished from mineralocorticoid, in which case use glucocorticoid | steroid | uporabite izraz kortikosteroid, razen kadar je treba glukokortikoid razlikovati od mineralokortikoida; v tem primeru uporabite izraz glukokortikoid |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | life-threatening reaction with flu-like symptoms and painful rash affecting the skin, mouth, eyes and genitals | Stevens-Johnsonov sindrom | smrtno nevarna reakcija z gripi podobnimi simptomi in bolečim izpuščajem, ki prizadene kožo, usta, oči in genitalije |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the lining of the mouth | stomatitis | vnetje ustne sluznice |
| strain | do not translate, but explain by using in context, e.g. ‘the strain of flu virus responsible for a pandemic’ | sev | ne prevajajte, temveč pojasnite v kontekstu, npr. ‘sev virusa gripe, odgovoren za pandemijo’ |
| stress incontinence | see incontinence, stress | stresna inkontinenca | glejte inkontinenca, stresna |
| stroke | sudden interruption of blood flow in the brain which can cause paralysis and unconsciousness | možganska kap | nenadna prekinitev krvnega obtoka v možganih, ki lahko povzroči paralizo in nezavest |
| stroke, haemorrhagic | stroke <(sudden interruption of blood flow in the brain)> caused by bleeding in a part of the brain | možganska kap, hemoragična | možganska kap <(nenadna prekinitev krvnega obtoka v možganih)>, ki jo povzroči krvavitev v delu možganov |
| stroke, ischaemic | stroke <(sudden interruption of blood flow in the brain)> caused by blocked blood supply to a part of the brain | možganska kap, ishemična | možganska kap <(nenadna prekinitev krvnega obtoka v možganih)>, ki jo povzroči blokiran dotok krvi v del možganov |
| subcutaneous injection | substitute with injection under the skin | podkožno injiciranje; podkožna injekcija | zamenjajte z injiciranje pod kožo |
| subcutaneous(ly) | avoid; use under the skin | subkutan(o) | izognite se; uporabite izraz pod kožo |
| sublingual tablet | a tablet which is placed under the tongue where it dissolves | podjezična tableta | tableta, ki jo damo pod jezik, kjer se raztopi |
| sulphonylureas | no definition required, just say other medicines to treat diabetes | sulfonilsečnine | definicija ni potrebna, navedite druga zdravila za zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni |
| supportive care | treatment to prevent or relieve the symptoms of the disease <but not specific treatment against the disease> | podporna oskrba | zdravljenje, ki preprečuje ali lajša simptome bolezni <vendar ni vzročno zdravljenje bolezni> |
| surfactant (lung) | a substance lining the airsacs which allows gases to pass easily between the lung and blood | surfaktant (pljučni) | površinsko aktivna snov na notranjem površju pljučnih mešičkov, ki omogoča, da plini zlahka prehajajo med pljuči in krvjo |
| suspension | a liquid with solid particles in it | suspenzija | tekočina s trdnimi delci |
| no need to describe when part of pharmaceutical form, e.g. suspension for injection | opis ni potreben, kdaj je del farmacevtske oblike, npr. suspenzija za injiciranje | ||
| sutured | stitched | šivan | šivan |
| syncope | fainting | sinkopa | omedlevica |
| systemic (side effects) | side effects that can affect anywhere in the body | sistemski (neželeni učinki) | neželeni učinki, ki se lahko pojavijo kjerkoli v telesu |
| systemic treatment | treatment with <a> medicine<s> given <by mouth> <or> <by injection> | sistemsko zdravljenje | zdravljenje z zdravilom<zdravilii>, danimi <peroralno> <ali> <z injiciranjem> |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | a condition in which the body’s defence system attacks normal tissue causing symptoms such as swollen joints, tiredness and rashes | sistemski eritematozni lupus | stanje, pri katerem obrambni sistem telesa poškodujejo tkiva, kar povzroči simptome, kot so otečeni sklepi, utrujenost in izpuščajem |
| systolic blood pressure | see blood pressure, systolic | sistolični krvni tlak | glejte krvni tlak, sistolični |
| T | |||
| T cells | cells in the immune system | celice T | celice imunskega sistema |
| T lymphocytes | use T cells unless it is necessary to introduce the term lymphocyte, in which case say T lymphocytes (T cells) the first time and then use T cells | limfociti T | uporabite celice T, razen kadar je treba uporabiti izraz limfocit, v tem primeru najprej navedite limfociti T (celice T) in nato uporabite celice T |
| tachycardia | substitute with rapid heartbeat | tahikardija | zamenjajte z hitro utripanje srca / hiter srčni utrip |
| tachypnoea | rapid breathing | tahipneja | hitro dihanje |
| tapering (dose) | reducing the dose gradually | zmanjševanje (odmerka) | postopno zmanjševanje odmerka |
| tardive dyskinesia | uncontrolled movements of the face and jaw | tardivna diskinezija | nenadzorovano gibanje obraza in čeljusti |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon | tendosinovitis | vnetje ovojnice, ki obdaja kito |
| teratogen | a substance that can cause birth defects in the unborn baby | teratogena snov | snov, ki lahko povzroči prirojene napake pri nerojenem otroku |
| teratogenicity | ability to cause birth defects | teratogenost | zmožnost povzročanja prirojenih okvar |
| thrombin | a protein involved in blood clotting | trombin | beljakovina, ki sodeluje pri strjevanju krvi |
| thrombocytopenia | low levels of blood platelets <which can lead to bleeding and bruising> | trombocitopenija | nizka raven krvnih ploščic <kar lahko povzroči krvavitve in podplutbe> |
| thrombocytopenic purpura | formation of blood clots in small blood vessels, lowering the level of platelets and causing purple spots on the skin | trombocitopenična purpura | nastajanje krvnih strdkov v majhnih krvnih žilah, znižanje ravni krvnih ploščic in nastajanje violičnih pikčastih krvavitev na koži |
| thromboembolism | problems due to the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels | trombembolija | težave zaradi nastajanja krvnih strdkov v žilah |
| thrombolytic | dissolves blood clots | trombolitik | učinkovina, ki razgradi krvne strdke |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation in a vein leading to a blood clot <and blockage> | tromboflebitis | vnetje vene, kar lahko povzroči nastanek krvnega strdka in <zamašitev> |
| thrombosis | formation of blood clots in the blood vessels | tromboza | nastajanje krvnih strdkov v žilah |
| thrombotic events | problems due to the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels | trombotičen dogodek | težave zaradi nastajanja krvnih strdkov v žilah |
| thymus gland | a gland <in the chest> that prepares <cells> <lymphocytes> to help the body’s defences | timus; priželjc | žleza <v prsnem košu>, kjer zorijo <celice> <limfociti> za pomoč pri telesni obrambi |
| tibia | shin bone | golenica | golenska kost |
| time to (disease) progression | do not use; explain as the time until the disease started worsening <again> | čas do napredovanja (bolezni) | ne uporabljajte; pojasnite kot: čas do <ponovnega> poslabšanja bolezni |
| time to treatment failure | do not use; explain as the time until the treatment stopped working | čas do neuspeha zdravljenja | ne uporabljajte; pojasnite kot: čas, dokler zdravljenje ne preneha delovati |
| tinnitus | ringing or buzzing in the ears | tinitus | zvenenje ali brenčanje v ušesih |
| tonic-atonic seizure | see seizure, tonic-atonic | toničen-atoničen epileptični napad | glejte epileptični napad, tonično-atoničen |
| tonic-clonic seizure | see seizure, tonic-clonic | tonično-kloničen epileptični napad | glejte epileptični napad, tonično-kloničen |
| tonic seizure | see seizure, tonic | toničen epileptični napad | glejte epileptični napad, toničen |
| tonsillitis | infection of the tonsils | tonzilitis | okužba tonzil |
| tophi | deposits of uric acid crystals in joints, skin or cartilage <which can cause damage> | tofi | skupki kristalov sečne kisline v sklepih, koži ali hrustancu <ki lahko povzročijo poškodbe> |
| topically | on the skin | topičen | na koži |
| torsades de pointes | abnormal electrical activity in the heart with life-threatening rhythm disturbance | torsades de pointes | nenormalna električna aktivnost v srcu z življenjsko nevarno motnjo ritma |
| torticollis | see cervical dystonia | tortikolis | glejte cervikalna distonija |
| toxic epidermal necrolysis | life-threatening reaction with flu-like effects and blistering in the skin, mouth eyes and genitals | toksična epidermalna nekroliza | smrtno nevarna reakcija z gripi podobnimi simptomi in mehurji na koži, v ustih, na očeh in genitalijah |
| toxin | a harmful substance produced by infectious organisms | toksin | škodljiva snov, ki jo proizvajajo povzročitelji okužb |
| toxoid | an inactivated toxin | toksoid | inaktiviran toksin |
| trachea | windpipe | traheja / sapnik | sapnik |
| transdermal patch | patch to give <a medicine> <medicines> through the skin | transdermalni obliž | obliž za dajanje <zdravila (zdravil)> skozi kožo |
| transplant rejection | when the immune system attacks the transplanted organ | zavrnitev presadka | kadar imunski sistem napade presadek / presajeni organ |
| trauma | <severe> injury | travma | <huda> poškodba |
| treatment-experienced | use <had been> treated for <disease> before | izkušnje z zdravljenjem | uporabite <se je> že zdravil za <bolezen> |
| treatment-naïve | use <had> never <been> treated for <disease> | brez izkušenj z zdravljenjem | uporabite <se ni> nikoli zdravil za <bolezen> |
| tremor | shaking | tremor | tresenje |
| triglycerides | a type of fat | trigliceridi | vrsta maščob |
| trismus | contraction of the jaw muscles which holds the mouth shut | trizmus / čeljustni krč | krčenje čeljustnih mišic, ki zapirajo usta |
| tumour lysis syndrome | a serious <side effect> <complication> with rapid break down of cancer cells <causing high levels of uric acid, potassium and phosphate> | sindrom lize tumorja | resen <neželeni učinek> <zaplet> s hitrim razpadom rakavih celic <ki povzroči visoko raven sečne kisline, kalija in fosfata> |
| U | |||
| ulcer | open sore | ulkus / razjeda | odprta rana / razjeda |
| ulcer, neuropathic | open sore caused by a nerve problem | nevropatska razjeda | odprta rana / razjeda, ki jo povzroči zmanjšana občutljivost kože (zmanjšan občutek za dotik) |
| ulcers, digital | sores on the fingers and toes | razjeda prstov | razjeda / rana na prstih rok in nog |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the large intestine causing ulceration and bleeding | ulcerozni kolitis | vnetje debelega črevesa, ki povzroča razjede in krvavitve |
| unresectable | cannot be removed by surgery | neoperabilen | ni ozdravljivo z operacijo |
| unstable bladder | an overactive bladder, when the bladder muscles contract suddenly | nestabilen sečni mehur | čezmerno aktiven sečni mehur, pri čemer se mišice mehurja nenadoma skrčijo |
| upper respiratory tract infection | see infection, upper respiratory tract | okužba zgornjih dihalnih poti | glejte okužba, zgornje dihalne poti |
| urethra | the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside <of the body> | sečnica | izvodilo, ki vodi od mehurja do zunanjega dela <telesa> |
| urge incontinence | see urinary urgency | urgentna inkontinenca | glejte inkontinenca, urgentna |
| urgency | sudden urge to pass urine | nujnost / urgentnost | nenadna potreba po uriniranju / praznjenju mehurja |
| uricaemia | high blood levels of uric acid | urikemija | visoka raven sečne kisline v krvi |
| urinary retention | inability to completely empty the bladder | retenca urina | nezmožnost popolne izpraznitve mehurja |
| urinary tract | structures that carry urine <such as the bladder> | sečila | organi, ki tvorijo in odvajajo urin <kot na primer mehur> |
| urinary tract infection | see infection, urinary tract | okužba sečil | glejte okužba, sečila |
| urinary urgency | sudden urge to pass urine <with urine leakage> | urgentna mikcija / urgentno uriniranje | nenadna potreba po praznjenju mehurja / po uriniranju <z uhajanjem urina> |
| uterus | womb | maternica | maternica |
| urticaria | itchy rash | urtikarija / koprivnica | srbeč izpiščaj |
| uveitis | inflammation of the uvea, the layer beneath the white of the eyeball | uveitis | vnetje uvee, plasti pod beločnico zrkla |
| V | |||
| vaccine, inactivated | a vaccine that uses an organism that has been killed | cepivo, inaktivirano | cepivo, ki vsebuje mrtvi organizem |
| vaccine, live attenuated | a vaccine that uses a weakened form of the organism | cepivo, živo oslabljeno | cepivo, ki vsebuje oslabljen organizem |
| vaccine, mRNA | a vaccine that contains a molecule called mRNA which has instructions for making a foreign protein, triggering an immune response inside the body and protecting from infection | cepivo, mRNK | cepivo, ki vsebuje molekulo, imenovano mRNK z navodili za izdelavo tujega proteina, sprožitev imunskega odziva v telesu in zaščito pred okužbo |
| vaccine, viral vector | a vaccine that uses a modified version of a <different> virus to deliver instructions for making a foreign protein to cells in the body, triggering an immune response inside the body and protecting from infection. <The modified virus cannot reproduce or cause disease> | cepivo, virusni vektor | cepivo, ki uporablja spremenjeno različico <drugega> virusa za dostavo navodil celicam v telesu za izdelavo tujega proteina, kar sproži imunski odziv v telesu in zaščiti pred okužbo. <Spremenjeni virus se ne more razmnoževati ali povzročati bolezni> |
| varicella | chickenpox | norice | norice |
| varices | swollen <and knotted> veins | varice | razširjene <in vijugaste> vene |
| vascular | <affecting> <of> blood vessels | vaskularen / žilen | <nanašajoč se> <na> krvne žile |
| vasculitis | inflammation of blood vessels | vaskulitis | vnetje krvnih žil |
| vasoconstrictor | a substance that narrows blood vessels | vazokonstriktor | snov, ki oži krvne žile |
| vasodilation | widening of the blood vessels | vazodilatacija | širjenje krvnih žil |
| vaso-occlusive crises | when blood vessels become blocked by abnormal red blood cells, restricting the flow of blood to an organ | vazookluzivna kriza | kadar nenormalne rdeče krvničke zamašijo krvne žile, kar omejuje pretok krvi v organ |
| vasopressors | medicines that increase blood pressure | vazopresorji | zdravila, ki zvišajo krvni tlak |
| ventilator | a machine that helps a patient to breathe | ventilator | naprava, ki pacientu pomaga dihati |
| vertebral | avoid; use (of the) spine | vertebralen | izognite se; uporabite izraz hrbteničen |
| vertigo | a spinning sensation | vrtoglavica | občutek vrtenja |
| ventricle (heart) | one of the two lower chambers of the heart <that pumps blood into the circulation> | prekat (srčni) | eden od dveh spodnjih votlin srca <ki črpa kri v krvni obtok> |
| ventricular fibrillation | see fibrillation, ventricular | ventrikularna fibrilacija | glejte fibrilacija, ventrikularna |
| vesicle | spot | mešiček | izpuščaj |
| viral load | the amount of virus found in the blood | virusno breme | količina virusa v krvi |
| viral vector | a virus that has been altered so that it can carry genetic material into cells | virusni vektor | virus, spremenjen tako, da lahko prenaša genetski material v celice |
| visual acuity | sharpness of vision | ostrina vida | ostrina vida |
| vitreous floaters | small, dark shapes moving in the field of vision | motnjave v steklovini | majhne temne pike / nitke / črte / liki, ki se premikajo v vidnem polju |
| volume depletion | reduced amounts of fluids in the body | hipovolemija; hipovolemičnost | zmanjšana količina tekočin v telesu |
